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Genes2022; 13(2); 229; doi: 10.3390/genes13020229

Y-Chromosomal Insights into Breeding History and Sire Line Genealogies of Arabian Horses.

Abstract: The Y chromosome is a valuable genetic marker for studying the origin and influence of paternal lineages in populations. In this study, we conducted Y-chromosomal lineage-tracing in Arabian horses. First, we resolved a Y haplotype phylogeny based on the next generation sequencing data of 157 males from several breeds. Y-chromosomal haplotypes specific for Arabian horses were inferred by genotyping a collection of 145 males representing most Arabian sire lines that are active around the globe. These lines formed three discrete haplogroups, and the same haplogroups were detected in Arabian populations native to the Middle East. The Arabian haplotypes were clearly distinct from the ones detected in Akhal Tekes, Turkoman horses, and the progeny of two Thoroughbred foundation sires. However, a haplotype introduced into the English Thoroughbred by the stallion Byerley Turk (1680), was shared among Arabians, Turkomans, and Akhal Tekes, which opens a discussion about the historic connections between Oriental horse types. Furthermore, we genetically traced Arabian sire line breeding in the Western World over the past 200 years. This confirmed a strong selection for relatively few male lineages and uncovered incongruences to written pedigree records. Overall, we demonstrate how fine-scaled Y-analysis contributes to a better understanding of the historical development of horse breeds.
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Publication Date: 2022-01-26 PubMed ID: 35205275PubMed Central: PMC8871751DOI: 10.3390/genes13020229Google Scholar: Lookup
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  • Journal Article
  • Research Support
  • Non-U.S. Gov't

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This research explored the breeding history and paternal lineage of Arabian horses using the Y-chromosome as a genetic marker. It revealed three specific haplogroups in Arabian horse lineages and highlighted potential historical connections among Arabian, Turkoman, and Akhal Teke horses. The research further analysed Arabian horse breeding in the Western World over the past 200 years, revealing preferences for certain male lineages and discrepancies in the written pedigree records.

Methods and Data

  • The study gathered Y-chromosome sequence data from 157 male horses across different breeds, using next-generation sequencing techniques. This method offered high-resolution genetic data.
  • The researchers inferred Y-chromosomal haplotypes (sets of genetic variations) specific to Arabian horses by genotyping 145 males, representing most of the globally active Arabian sire lines.

Findings

  • The Arabian sire lines formed three distinct Y-chromosomal haplogroups, with the same groups detected in Arabian populations native to the Middle East. This differentiation from other breeds underlines the uniqueness of Arabian horses’ genetic makeup.
  • A particular haplotype found in Arabians, Turkomans, and Akhal Tekes was linked back to a stallion introduced into English Thoroughbred lines in the late 17th century, hinting at possible historical connections between these horse types.

Implications

  • Through Y-chromosome analysis, the study genetically traced Western Arabian sire line breeding over the past 200 years, confirming a strong selection for certain male lineages. This evidence points to patterns of lineage selection in the breeding history.
  • The genetic analysis also revealed discrepancies in the written pedigree records. Such incongruences can help refine the understanding of breed development and challenge established narratives.
  • By unravelling the paternal genealogies of Arabian horses, this study contributes to the broader understanding of horse ancestry and breeding practices over time. Such insights can be valuable for horse breeders and animal geneticists alike.

Conclusion

  • This study illustrates how fine-scaled Y-chromosome analysis can significantly contribute to understanding how horse breeds have developed over time. This opens up discussions about breeding practices, historical connections among breeds, and the accuracy of written pedigree records.

Cite This Article

APA
Remer V, Bozlak E, Felkel S, Radovic L, Rigler D, Grilz-Seger G, Stefaniuk-Szmukier M, Bugno-Poniewierska M, Brooks S, Miller DC, Antczak DF, Sadeghi R, Cothran G, Juras R, Khanshour AM, Rieder S, Penedo MC, Waiditschka G, Kalinkova L, Kalashnikov VV, Zaitsev AM, Almarzook S, Reißmann M, Brockmann GA, Brem G, Wallner B. (2022). Y-Chromosomal Insights into Breeding History and Sire Line Genealogies of Arabian Horses. Genes (Basel), 13(2), 229. https://doi.org/10.3390/genes13020229

Publication

Genes
ISSN: 2073-4425
NlmUniqueID: 101551097
Country: Switzerland
Language: English
Volume: 13
Issue: 2
PII: 229

Researcher Affiliations

Remer, Viktoria
  • Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria.
Bozlak, Elif
  • Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria.
  • Vienna Graduate School of Population Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria.
Felkel, Sabine
  • Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria.
  • Vienna Graduate School of Population Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria.
  • Institute of Computational Biology, Department of Biotechnology, BOKU University of Life Sciences and Natural Resources, 1190 Vienna, Austria.
Radovic, Lara
  • Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria.
  • Vienna Graduate School of Population Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria.
Rigler, Doris
  • Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria.
Grilz-Seger, Gertrud
  • Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria.
Stefaniuk-Szmukier, Monika
  • Department of Animal Molecular Biology, National Research Institute of Animal Production, 32-083 Balice, Poland.
  • Department of Animal Reproduction, Anatomy and Genomics, University of Agriculture in Kraków, 30-059 Kraków, Poland.
Bugno-Poniewierska, Monika
  • Department of Animal Reproduction, Anatomy and Genomics, University of Agriculture in Kraków, 30-059 Kraków, Poland.
Brooks, Samantha
  • Department of Animal Science, UF Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.
Miller, Donald C
  • Baker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
Antczak, Douglas F
  • Baker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
Sadeghi, Raheleh
  • Baker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
  • Equestrian Federation of The Islamic Republic of Iran, Tehran 193954754, Iran.
Cothran, Gus
  • College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA.
Juras, Rytis
  • College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA.
Khanshour, Anas M
  • College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA.
  • Center for Pediatric Bone Biology and Translational Research, Texas Scottish Rite Hospital for Children, Dallas, TX 75219, USA.
Rieder, Stefan
  • Identitas AG, R&D, 3014 Bern, Switzerland.
Penedo, Maria C
  • Veterinary Genetics Laboratory, University of California, Davis, CA 95617, USA.
Waiditschka, Gudrun
  • Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria.
Kalinkova, Liliya
  • All-Russian Research Institute for Horse Breeding, 391105 Ryazan, Russia.
Kalashnikov, Valery V
  • All-Russian Research Institute for Horse Breeding, 391105 Ryazan, Russia.
Zaitsev, Alexander M
  • All-Russian Research Institute for Horse Breeding, 391105 Ryazan, Russia.
Almarzook, Saria
  • Albrecht Daniel Thaer-Institut, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10115 Berlin, Germany.
Reißmann, Monika
  • Albrecht Daniel Thaer-Institut, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10115 Berlin, Germany.
Brockmann, Gudrun A
  • Albrecht Daniel Thaer-Institut, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10115 Berlin, Germany.
Brem, Gottfried
  • Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria.
Wallner, Barbara
  • Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria.

MeSH Terms

  • Animals
  • Female
  • Genetic Variation
  • Haplotypes
  • Horses / genetics
  • Male
  • Pedigree
  • Phylogeny
  • Y Chromosome / genetics

Grant Funding

  • W 1225 / Austrian Science Fund FWF

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest. The funders had no role in the design of the study; in the collection, analyses, or interpretation of the data; in the writing of the manuscript; or in the decision to publish the results. The statements made herein are solely the responsibility of the authors.

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