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Y-Chromosome Haplotype Report among Eight Italian Horse Breeds.
Abstract: Horse domestication and breed selection processes have profoundly influenced the development and transformation of human society and civilization over time. Therefore, their origin and history have always attracted much attention. In Italy, several local breeds have won prestigious awards thanks to their unique traits and socio-cultural peculiarities. Here, for the first time, we report the genetic variation of three loci of the male-specific region of the Y chromosome (MSY) of four local breeds and another one (Lipizzan, UNESCO) well-represented in the Italian Peninsula. The analysis also includes data from three Sardinian breeds and another forty-eight Eurasian and Mediterranean horse breeds retrieved from GenBank for comparison. Three haplotypes (HT1, HT2, and HT3) were found in Italian stallions, with different spatial distributions between breeds. HT1 (the ancestral haplotype) was frequent, especially in Bardigiano and Monterufolino, HT2 (Neapolitan/Oriental wave) was found in almost all local breeds, and HT3 (Thoroughbred wave) was detected in Maremmano and two Sardinian breeds (Sardinian Anglo-Arab and Sarcidano). This differential distribution is due to three paternal introgressions of imported stallions from foreign countries to improve local herds; however, further genetic analyses are essential to reconstruct the genetic history of native horse breeds, evaluate the impact of selection events, and enable conservation strategies.
Publication Date: 2023-08-09 PubMed ID: 37628653PubMed Central: PMC10454838DOI: 10.3390/genes14081602Google Scholar: Lookup The Equine Research Bank provides access to a large database of publicly available scientific literature. Inclusion in the Research Bank does not imply endorsement of study methods or findings by Mad Barn.
- Journal Article
- Research Support
- Non-U.S. Gov't
Summary
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This paper seeks to provide an understanding of the genetic variation in three loci of the Y chromosome in four local Italian horse breeds and the Lipizzan. They utilize comparison data from other Eurasian, Mediterranean, and Sardinian breeds and found three distinct Y-chromosome haplotypes with different distributions among the studied breeds.
Exploring Genetic Variations of Italian Horse Breeds
- This paper aims to explore the genetic variation in three loci on the Y chromosome, or the male-specific region of the Y chromosome (MSY), in Italian horse breeds. The role of this study was to try and understand the genetic history, and the impact of the selection process on different local breeds in Italy.
- For the first time in research, the genetic variation of four local breeds and the Lipizzan (one that is well-represented in the Italian peninsula) was explored. The Lipizzan is a breed recognized by UNESCO due to their socio-cultural significance.
Data and Methods
- In addition to the primary data collected from the Italian horse breeds, data from forty-eight other Eurasian, Mediterranean, and three Sardinian horse breeds were collected for comparison purposes. This information was gleaned from GenBank, a public genetic sequence databank.
Established Haplotypes and Their Distributions
- The study identified three distinct haplotypes – HT1, HT2, and HT3 – in the Italian stallions studied. These haplotypes indicate the lineage of the male genetic material in the horses evaluated.
- The distribution of these haplotypes was found to be different in each breed. HT1, termed the ancestral haplotype, was found primarily in the Bardigiano and Monterufolino breeds. HT2, described as the Neapolitan/Oriental wave, was discovered in almost all local breeds. HT3, also known as the Thoroughbred wave, was identified in the Maremmano breed and two Sardinian breeds – the Sardinian Anglo-Arab and the Sarcidano.
implications of the Findings
- The different distribution patterns were linked to the past influences of foreign stallion breeds introduced to improve local herds. This demonstrates the effect of selection processes in breeding.
- Despite these significant discoveries, the authors note that further genetic analyses will be crucial in reconstructing the genetic history of native horse breeds accurately. It will also help in assessing the impact of selection events and facilitating successful conservation strategies for these breeds.
Cite This Article
APA
Giontella A, Cardinali I, Sarti FM, Silvestrelli M, Lancioni H.
(2023).
Y-Chromosome Haplotype Report among Eight Italian Horse Breeds.
Genes (Basel), 14(8), 1602.
https://doi.org/10.3390/genes14081602 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, 06126 Perugia, Italy.
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy.
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Perugia, 06121 Perugia, Italy.
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, 06126 Perugia, Italy.
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy.
MeSH Terms
- Humans
- Animals
- Horses / genetics
- Male
- Haplotypes
- Arabs
- Databases, Nucleic Acid
- Italy
- Y Chromosome / genetics
Conflict of Interest Statement
The authors declare no conflict of interest.
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