Acta anatomica.
Discontinued
Periodical
Anatomy
Cell Biology
Embryology
Histology
Publisher:
Karger
Frequency: Monthly
Country: Switzerland
Language: English
Start Year:1945 - 1998
ISSN:
0001-5180 (Print)
0001-5180 (Linking)
0001-5180 (Linking)
Impact Factor
1.9
| NLM ID: | 370272 |
| (DNLM): | A04140000(s) |
| (OCoLC): | 01460824 |
| Coden: | ACATA5 |
| LCCN: | 48033498 |
| Classification: | W1 AC752 |
[The significance of the wall epidermis and (hyponychium) of the horse’s hoof in the formation of the horn].
Acta anatomica
January 1, 1954
Volume 22, Issue 1 15-48
ERNST R.No abstract available Stride characteristics of overground versus treadmill locomotion in the saddle horse.
Acta anatomica
January 1, 1993
Volume 146, Issue 2-3 90-94 doi: 10.1159/000147427
Barrey E, Galloux P, Valette JP, Auvinet B, Wolter R.The purpose of this study was to compare the velocity-dependent changes in stride length and stride frequency of horses performing the same incremental exercise test first on a track with a rider and then on a treadmill with a 0 and 3.5% slope successively. Seven French saddle horses undertook the exercise test which consisted of 5 stages of increasing speed for 3 min each with 1 min rest between each stage (1.6, 4.2, 8.3, 9.2 and 10 m/s). The horses were recorded by use of a video camera, and the tapes were analysed with regard to gait parameters. At 1.6, 8.3, 9.2 and 10 m/s, stride frequenci... Read More
13
Degradation of annular gap junctions of the equine hoof wall.
Acta anatomica
January 1, 1984
Volume 120, Issue 4 214-219 doi: 10.1159/000145923
Leach DH, Oliphant LW.Annular gap junctions interiorized within cells of the stratum spinosum of the coronary border of the equine hoof were degraded by two methods. Some were autophagocytized and some appeared to fuse with lysosomes to form heterophagosomes. Structural changes of partially degraded annular gap junctions included increased density of the enclosed cytoplasm, formation of filamentous or membrane-like material within the annular gap junction, and disruption of the circular or oval profile of the gap junction. The annular gap junctions are apparently incorporated into the fully keratinized cells of the... Read More
12
[Comparative study of tracheal epithelium of different mammals].
Acta anatomica
January 1, 1976
Volume 94, Issue 2 262-282
Pavelka M, Ronge HR, Stockinger G.Tracheal epithelia of ten different mammals were investigated with the light and the electron microscope. Characteristic differences were found concerning the thickness of the epithelia, the length of the cilia, the density of the cells in the epithelia, the numerical distribution of the different cells and their ultrastructure. Special attention was paid to the morphology of the kinetosomes. Brush cells and chromaffin cells, which are sparsely distributed in the different tracheal epithelia, were discussed. Read More
11
Architectural and histochemical analysis of the biceps brachii muscle of the horse.
Acta anatomica
January 1, 1990
Volume 137, Issue 2 146-156 doi: 10.1159/000146875
Hermanson JW, Hurley KJ.The biceps brachii of horses is a complex muscle subdivided into two heads which may subserve distinct functions. The lateral head contains a large percentage of type I myofibers. This region is largely composed of short fibers (5-7 mm long) arranged in a pinnate fashion and heavily invested with connective tissue. The medial head contains fewer type I fibers and is composed of relatively longer myofibers (15-20 mm long), also arranged in a pinnate fashion but less heavily invested with connective tissue. It is hypothesized that the lateral muscle head of biceps brachii contributes to the post... Read More
10
Architecture and the division of labor in the extensor carpi radialis muscle of horses.
Acta anatomica
January 1, 1997
Volume 159, Issue 2-3 127-135 doi: 10.1159/000147975
Hermanson JW.The extensor carpi radialis muscle of the horse is deceptive at first appearance. It has a fusiform shape similar to other forearm extensor muscles. The fiber arrangement also appears long and relatively parallel. However, it may contain two or more compartments that correlate with differing functional roles. Histochemical and immunocytochemical analysis of proximal and distal regions of the muscle (n = 9) demonstrate that the proximal portion of the muscle is composed of a mean of 13% type I, presumed slow twitch, and 61% type IIb, presumed fast twitch fibers. In contrast, the distal compartm... Read More
10
Fibre type distribution, capillarization and enzymatic profile of locomotor and nonlocomotor muscles of horses and steers.
Acta anatomica
January 1, 1994
Volume 151, Issue 2 97-106 doi: 10.1159/000147649
Karlström K, Essén-Gustavsson B, Lindholm A.Samples were taken at slaughter from heart and both locomotor and nonlocomotor muscles from animals of similar body weight but adapted to different levels of activity: three horses and three steers. All samples were analyzed biochemically to measure the activity of key metabolic enzymes. The skeletal muscles were analyzed histochemically for fibre type composition, fibre area and capillary supply. The general pattern of differences in fibre type composition and metabolic profile between muscle groups was similar in both horses and steers. The hearts of both species had high citrate synthase (C... Comparative scanning electron-microscopic study of the lingual papillae in two species of domestic mammals (Equus caballus and Bos taurus). 1. Gustatory Papillae.
Acta anatomica
January 1, 1986
Volume 125, Issue 2 83-87
Chamorro CA, de Paz P, Sandoval J, Fernandez JG.The morphological characteristics of bovine and equine gustatory lingual papillae are compared by scanning electron microscopy. The fungiform papillae in the cow have a shape that corresponds to their name, while in the horse, they almost do not emerge from the surface of the tongue. These papillae show taste pores in both species. The vallate papillae, four times larger in the horse than in the cow, show a complex organization of papillae and secondary grooves in the horse. In the cow, they occur single and are surrounded by a thick annular pad of lingual mucosa. Taste pores have been observe... Surface strain on the dorsal metacarpus of thoroughbreds at different speeds and gaits.
Acta anatomica
January 1, 1993
Volume 146, Issue 2-3 148-153 doi: 10.1159/000147437
Davies HM, McCarthy RN, Jeffcott LB.Stacked rectangular rosette strain gages were used to measure surface bone strain on the dorsomedial cortex of the third metacarpal bones in 6 adult Thoroughbred horses during treadmill exercise. The peak principal compressive and tensile strains, angle of the peak strains and strain rate during loading were calculated and compared with speed and gait. At speeds from 4 to 14 m/s loading on the metacarpus resulted in compression of the dorsomedial cortex. Tension only occurred consistently in 1 forelimb of 1 horse at the walk (2 m/s). The angle of peak compression was within 10 degrees of the l... Elbow extensor muscles of the horse: postural and dynamic implications.
Acta anatomica
January 1, 1992
Volume 144, Issue 1 71-79 doi: 10.1159/000147288
Ryan JM, Cobb MA, Hermanson JW.Based on histochemical and immunohistochemical evidence, horse elbow extensor muscles are composed of two morphologically distinct muscle groups. The long and lateral heads of the triceps brachii are large, predominantly type II (presumed fast) muscles. The long and lateral heads of the triceps together account for 96% of the weight of the elbow extensors (long head of triceps is 81%). The long and lateral heads contain three histochemical fiber types: types I, IIa and IIb. Type I muscle fibers account for approximately 18 and 27% of the fibers in the long and lateral heads of the triceps, res... Comparative scanning electron-microscopic study of the lingual papillae in two species of domestic mammals (Equus caballus and Bos taurus). II. Mechanical papillae.
Acta anatomica
January 1, 1988
Volume 132, Issue 2 120-123
de Paz Cabello P, Chamorro CA, Sandoval J, Fernandez M.The mechanical papillae of the horse and cow were studied by scanning electron microscopy in order to determine their morphostructural characteristics and the differences between the two species. The horse has only thin, small and interlaced filiform papillae, while the cow shows robust and more ordered filiform papillae. Furthermore, the cow tongue presents conical and lenticular papillae surrounded by a papillary groove. A characteristic distribution of stratified scales and channeled tracts is observed in conical and lenticular papillae but not in the filiform papillae. The morphostructural... [Experimental demonstration of the position and extent of the N. accressorius (XI) nucleus in the horse].
Acta anatomica
January 1, 1966
Volume 63, Issue 1 89-100
Flieger S.No abstract available The extended canter: a comparison of some kinematic variables in horses trained for dressage and for racing.
Acta anatomica
January 1, 1993
Volume 146, Issue 2-3 183-187 doi: 10.1159/000147443
Clayton HM.This study was designed to test the hypothesis that there is no significant difference in selected temporal and linear stride variables of the extended canter in horses bred and trained for dressage or racing. Nine advanced-level dressage horses and 7 Thoroughbred racehorses were filmed at a frame rate of 200 Hz at an extended canter on a sand track. Two strides were recorded per trial, and each horse performed 6 or 7 trials. Temporal and linear data were determined from the films, and descriptive statistics (mean, SD) were calculated. Strides were selected for analysis on the basis of having ... Kinematics of the standardbred trotter measured at 6, 7, 8 and 9 m/s on a treadmill, before and after 5 months of prerace training.
Acta anatomica
January 1, 1993
Volume 146, Issue 2-3 154-161 doi: 10.1159/000147438
van Weeren PR, van den Bogert AJ, Back W, Bruin G, Barneveld A.A kinematic study was performed on a group of 8 Standardbred stallions. Recordings were done using a modified CODA-3 optoelectronic kinematic analysis system with the horses running on a treadmill at speeds of 6, 7, 8, or 9 m/s. Linear and temporal gait characteristics, joint angle diagrams and the trajectories of the hoof in a plane perpendicular to the direction of movement were studied. Two consecutive recording sessions were held at an age of 21-23 months, and a third was held 5 months later after an intensive training period. Joint angle diagrams appeared to show a similar pattern for all... In vivo tendon forces in the forelimb of ponies at the walk, validated by ground reaction force measurements.
Acta anatomica
January 1, 1993
Volume 146, Issue 2-3 162-167 doi: 10.1159/000147439
Jansen MO, van den Bogert AJ, Riemersma DJ, Schamhardt HC.The load distribution over tendinous structures in the equine forelimb was studied by computing forces from in vivo signals of implanted liquid-metal strain gauges in 5 ponies. For validation, these tendon forces were converted to joint moments, which were summed and compared to the calculated joint moments caused by the ground reaction force. Mean peak forces per kilogram body weight (n = 5) amounted to 5.2 N/kg for the superficial digital flexor tendon, 3.8 N/kg for the deep digital flexor tendon, 7.3 N/kg for the distal accessory (check) ligament and 8.4 N/kg for the third interosseous musc... The statical function of some crural muscles in the horse.
Acta anatomica
January 1, 1970
Volume 75, Issue 3 396-407 doi: 10.1159/000143459
Badoux DM.No abstract available Comparison of the damping effect of different shoeing by the measurement of hoof acceleration.
Acta anatomica
January 1, 1993
Volume 146, Issue 2-3 109-113 doi: 10.1159/000147430
Benoit P, Barrey E, Regnault JC, Brochet JL.The purpose of this study was to compare the damping effect of 16 types of shoeing by measuring hoof acceleration parameters on two trotting horses. At impact, maximal deceleration had extreme values such as 188 m/s2 (+/- 55) for the most damping combination (p < 0.01) and 746 m/s2 (+/- 14) for the steel shoe (mean = 551 m/s2 +/- 125). After the shock, the hoof was exposed to a mean vibrating acceleration at 418 Hz (+/- 84) which was progressively damped in 37.3 ms (+/- 10.5). According to these results, the damping ability of different farriery products significantly reduces (p < 0.05) shocks... A preliminary study of transitions between the walk and trot in dressage horses.
Acta anatomica
January 1, 1993
Volume 146, Issue 2-3 179-182 doi: 10.1159/000147442
Argue CK, Clayton HM.The object of this study was to determine the limb support sequence during the transitions from walk to trot and from trot to walk in dressage horses under saddle and to test the null hypothesis that the limb support sequence during the transitions is not related to the level of training. Sixteen dressage horses training at novice to FEI Grand Prix level were videotaped performing an average of 9 transitions each from walk to trot and from trot to walk. The 30-Hz videotapes were viewed in slow motion, and based on the limb support sequence the transitions were categorized into two types. In ty... Ultrastructure of the epithelium that lines the ductuli efferentes in domestic equidae, with particular reference to spermatophagy.
Acta anatomica
January 1, 1994
Volume 149, Issue 3 174-184 doi: 10.1159/000147574
Arrighi S, Romanello MG, Domeneghini C.The epithelium that lines the ductuli efferentes in the horse, donkey and mule has been examined by electron microscopy. The epithelium consists of columnar ciliated and non-ciliated cells. Lymphocytes and macrophages are also present, together with cells that are rich in lipofuscin. These 'lipofuscin-rich' cells are a peculiar feature of the excurrent ducts of Equidae and are characterized by a large number of highly heterogeneous residual bodies. The general morphology of the epithelium and, in particular, of the non-ciliated cells implies that the epithelium is involved in the absorption an... Multi-body modelling and simulation of animal locomotion.
Acta anatomica
January 1, 1993
Volume 146, Issue 2-3 95-102 doi: 10.1159/000147428
van den Bogert AJ, Schamhardt HC.Multi-body models of musculoskeletal systems can be used to determine internal forces from measured external forces and movements ('inverse dynamics') and to perform simulations of movements using muscle forces or activations as input ('direct dynamics'). Examples of 'direct' simulations of movements in the horse are presented. With a model of the equine hindlimb, the function of the 'passive stay apparatus' could be explained. A model of the forelimb was used to determine force distributions in the digital flexor tendons, and to experiment with various methods to change the force distribution... Ultrastructure of the red pulp in spleen innervation in horse and pig.
Acta anatomica
January 1, 1991
Volume 141, Issue 2 151-158 doi: 10.1159/000147115
Ueda H, Abe M, Takehana K, Iwasa K, Hiraga T.The innervation of the red pulp in the spleen of horse and pig was investigated by electron microscopy. In addition, the neurilemma was studied by immunohistochemistry specific for S-100 protein. In the pig, a large population of smooth-muscle cells extending from the smooth-muscle trabeculae was present in the red pulp. The cytoplasmic processes of reticular cells enwrapped the smooth-muscle cells, and nerve fibres were distributed between the smooth-muscle cells and the reticular cells. The nerve terminals clustered toward the facing of the smooth-muscle cells. Nerve fibres and terminals wer... Strain of the musculus interosseus medius and its rami extensorii in the horse, deduced from in vivo kinematics.
Acta anatomica
January 1, 1993
Volume 147, Issue 2 118-124 doi: 10.1159/000147491
Jansen MO, van Buiten A, van den Bogert AJ, Schamhardt HC.The in vivo strains of the musculus interosseus medius (suspensory ligament) and its rami extensorii (extensor branches) in the forelimb of the horse were determined from angular changes of the metacarpophalangeal and the distal interphalangeal joints. For this purpose, regression models were fitted to strains and joint angle combinations measured in in vitro limb loading experiments. The in vivo strains were computed from the kinematics of 8 horses at the walk, the trot and the canter. It was found that the extensor branches were strained about 1.0% at hoof impact, which indicates that they p... Histochemistry of the duodenal glands of the cat and horse.
Acta anatomica
January 1, 1976
Volume 94, Issue 3 449-456 doi: 10.1159/000144575
Oduor-Okelo D.The duodenal glands of cat and horse were studied using PAS, Alcian blue, dialysed iron, aldehyde fuchsin-Alcian blue and high iron diamine stains. It was found that the duodenal glands of the horse reacted positively to Alcian blue, dialysed iron stains and also took the Alcian blue stain in the combined aldehyde fuchsin-Alcian blue and high iron diamine-Alcian blue stains. Those of the cat gave negative results. These results suggest the presence of acidic groups in the mucosubstances secreted by the horse's duodenal glands. A suggestion is put forward on the strength of the high iron diamin... Removing formaldehyde from embalmed cadavers by percolating the body cavities with dilute ethanol.
Acta anatomica
January 1, 1986
Volume 126, Issue 2 78-83
Björkman N, Nielsen P, Hornshøj Møller V.Formaldehyde was removed from embalmed animal cadavers by pumping ethanol (20%) through the pleural and peritoneal cavities of 4 goats, 4 cows and 4 horses. The goats were percolated intermittently for 7 days and the large animals continuously for 72 h. Just after opening the body cavities, samples of air close to the organs were collected and analyzed for formaldehyde using a spectrofluorimetric method. The concentration of formaldehyde in the air samples was in goats 0.45 +/- 0.44 microgram/l (mean +/- SD), cows 0.42 +/- 0.29 microgram/l and horses 0.43 +/- 0.25 microgram/l. Quantification of hind limb lameness in the horse.
Acta anatomica
January 1, 1993
Volume 146, Issue 2-3 196-199 doi: 10.1159/000147446
Buchner F, Kastner J, Girtler D, Knezevic PF.The three-dimensional optoelectronic locomotion analysis system SELSPOT II was used for kinematic studies of hind limb locomotion patterns. Two groups, 11 sound horses and 15 horses suffering from hind limb lameness, were examined at the trot. Both graphical and quantitative analyses were compared in sound and lame horses. The parameter hip acceleration quotient (HAQ), using the different peaks of vertical acceleration of one hip during one stride, proved to be a suitable value for quantitative analysis of hind limb lameness. In sound horses the HAQ ranged from 1.03 to 1.54, lame horses showed... Application of TrackEye in equine locomotion research.
Acta anatomica
January 1, 1993
Volume 146, Issue 2-3 137-140 doi: 10.1159/000147435
Drevemo S, Roepstorff L, Kallings P, Johnston CJ.TrackEye is an analysis system, which is applicable for equine biokinematic studies. It covers the whole process from digitizing of images, automatic target tracking and analysis. Key components in the system are an image work station for processing of video images and a high-resolution film-to-video scanner for 16-mm film. A recording module controls the input device and handles the capture of image sequences into a videodisc system, and a tracking module is able to follow reference markers automatically. The system offers a flexible analysis including calculations of markers displacements, d... Relationship between locomotor forces, hoof position and joint motion during the support phase of the stride of galloping horses.
Acta anatomica
January 1, 1993
Volume 146, Issue 2-3 200-204 doi: 10.1159/000147447
Ratzlaff MH, Wilson PD, Hyde ML, Balch OK, Grant BD.Three methods were used simultaneously to determine the relationships between the vertical forces exerted on the hooves and the positions of the limbs and hooves at the times of peak vertical forces from 2 horses galloping on a track straightaway. Vertical forces were recorded from an instrumented shoe, fetlock joint motion was measured with an electrogoniometer and the angles of the carpus, fetlock and hoof were determined from slow-motion films. At hoof contact, the mean angles of the carpus and fetlock were 181-182 degrees and 199-206 degrees, respectively. Peak vertical forces on the heel ... The geometry of the cruciate ligaments in the canine and equine knee joint, a Tchebychev mechanism.
Acta anatomica
January 1, 1984
Volume 119, Issue 1 60-64 doi: 10.1159/000145862
Badoux DM.The ratio between the length of the anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments and the distance between their femoral and tibial attachments in the canine and equine knee joint reveals that these structures form a Tchebychev mechanism for parallel motion. A scanning electron-microscopic analysis of the morphology of equine lower lip sinus hair.
Acta anatomica
January 1, 1995
Volume 154, Issue 3 196-204 doi: 10.1159/000147769
von Rotz A, Friess AE.Sinus hairs, which are tactile organs of most mammals, are differentiated into cavernous and sinus types. The horse has the cavernous type. Horse lower lips were perfused in diluted Karnovsky's fixative and sinus hair processed for scanning electron microscopy. Anastomosing trabeculae of different thickness and shape originate from the internal connective tissue layer and extend to the external layer, thus forming a dense meshwork suspending the hair root like a net. However, many of the distal trabeculae do not reach the external wall of the blood sinus but end in a finger-like knob within th... Variability of fiber size, capillary density and capillary length related to horse muscle fixation procedures.
Acta anatomica
January 1, 1988
Volume 133, Issue 2 89-95 doi: 10.1159/000146621
Mermod L, Hoppeler H, Kayar SR, Straub R, Weibel ER.Muscle samples were taken from the superficial part of the semitendinosus muscle of four standardbred horses to compare the effects of three different fixation procedures on fiber size and capillarity. Infiltration fixation in an extended position of the muscle was compared to immersion fixation and infiltration fixation in a flexed position of the limb. The capillary length density was used to estimate muscle capillarity. Infiltration fixation was found to be a viable alternative to perfusion fixation of muscles for morphometry of fiber size and capillary length density allowing muscle tissue... Kinematic gait analysis in equine carpal lameness.
Acta anatomica
January 1, 1993
Volume 146, Issue 2-3 86-89 doi: 10.1159/000147426
Back W, Barneveld A, van Weeren PR, van den Bogert AJ.Gait analysis plays a major role in the clinical evaluation of equine lameness. It is generally accepted that the clinician expresses the grade of lameness as a subjective score. In this study lameness was objectively assessed using a standardized transient lameness model, in which lameness was induced by intra-articular injection of bacterial endotoxin into the radiocarpal joint of ponies. Lameness was scored by an experienced clinician, and locomotion was recorded simultaneously using a CODA-3 apparatus. The obtained kinematic gait parameters correlated well with the clinical lameness score ...