Microglia are a type of glial cell located within the central nervous system of horses, where they function as resident immune cells. These cells are involved in responding to neural inflammation, injury, and disease by acting as macrophages that clear cellular debris and pathogens. In horses, microglia can undergo activation in response to various stimuli, leading to changes in morphology and function. Research on equine microglia focuses on their role in neurological health, their responses to pathological conditions, and their interactions with other neural and immune cells. This page compiles peer-reviewed research studies and scholarly articles that explore the characteristics, functions, and implications of microglial activity in equine neurological health.
Zamith Cunha R, Semprini A, Salamanca G, Gobbo F, Morini M, Pickles KJ, Roberts V, Chiocchetti R.Cannabinoid receptors are expressed in human and animal trigeminal sensory neurons; however, the expression in the equine trigeminal ganglion is unknown. Ten trigeminal ganglia from five horses were collected post-mortem from an abattoir. The expression of cannabinoid receptors type 1 (CB1R) and type 2 (CB2R), and the cannabinoid-related receptors like transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1 (TRPV1), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARɣ), and G protein-related receptor 55 (GPR55) in the trigeminal ganglia (TG) of the horse were studied, using immunofluorescence on cry...
Bantle CM, Rocha SM, French CT, Phillips AT, Tran K, Olson KE, Bass TA, Aboellail T, Smeyne RJ, Tjalkens RB.Viral infection of the central nervous system (CNS) can cause lasting neurological decline in surviving patients and can present with symptoms resembling Parkinson's disease (PD). The mechanisms underlying postencephalitic parkinsonism remain unclear but are thought to involve increased innate inflammatory signaling in glial cells, resulting in persistent neuroinflammation. We therefore studied the role of glial cells in regulating neuropathology in postencephalitic parkinsonism by studying the involvement of astrocytes in loss of dopaminergic neurons and aggregation of α-synuclein protein fo...
Meneses CS, Müller HY, Herzberg DE, Uberti B, Werner MP, Bustamante HA.To determine the microglial and astrocyte response to painful lameness in horses. Methods: Ionized calcium binding adaptor molecule 1 (Iba-1) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) expression, cell density and morphology were determined through immunofluorescence within the dorsal horn of equine spinal cord. Methods: A total of five adult horses with acute or chronic unilateral lameness, previously scheduled for euthanasia. Methods: Musculoskeletal lameness was evaluated in five horses through visual evaluation according to clinical guidelines. Spinal cord samples were obtained immediately...
Delcambre GH, Liu J, Streit WJ, Shaw GPJ, Vallario K, Herrington J, Wenzlow N, Barr KL, Long MT.West Nile virus (WNV), a mosquito borne member of the Flaviviridae, is one of the most commonly diagnosed agents of viral encephalitis in horses and people worldwide. Objective: A cassette of markers for formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue and an archive of tissues from experimental infections in the horse were used to investigate the equine neuroimmune response to WNV meningoencephalomyelitis to phenotype the early response to WNV infection in the horse. Methods: Quantitative analysis using archived tissue from experimentally infected horses. Methods: The thalamus and hindbrain from 2 gro...
Balaratnasingam C, Kang MH, Yu P, Chan G, Morgan WH, Cringle SJ, Yu DY.Retinal ganglion cell (RGC) axonal structure and function in the optic nerve head (ONH) is predominantly supported by astrocytes and capillaries. There is good experimental evidence to demonstrate that RGC axons are perturbed in a non-uniform manner following ONH injury and it is likely that the pattern of RGC axonal modification bears some correlation with the quantitative properties of astrocytes and capillaries within laminar compartments. Although there have been some excellent topographic studies concerning glial and microvascular networks in the ONH our knowledge regarding the quantitati...
Delcambre GH, Liu J, Streit WJ, Shaw GPJ, Vallario K, Herrington J, Wenzlow N, Barr KL, Long MT.West Nile virus (WNV), a mosquito borne member of the Flaviviridae, is one of the most commonly diagnosed agents of viral encephalitis in horses and people worldwide. Objective: A cassette of markers for formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue and an archive of tissues from experimental infections in the horse were used to investigate the equine neuroimmune response to WNV meningoencephalomyelitis to phenotype the early response to WNV infection in the horse. Methods: Quantitative analysis using archived tissue from experimentally infected horses. Methods: The thalamus and hindbrain from 2 gro...
Bantle CM, Rocha SM, French CT, Phillips AT, Tran K, Olson KE, Bass TA, Aboellail T, Smeyne RJ, Tjalkens RB.Viral infection of the central nervous system (CNS) can cause lasting neurological decline in surviving patients and can present with symptoms resembling Parkinson's disease (PD). The mechanisms underlying postencephalitic parkinsonism remain unclear but are thought to involve increased innate inflammatory signaling in glial cells, resulting in persistent neuroinflammation. We therefore studied the role of glial cells in regulating neuropathology in postencephalitic parkinsonism by studying the involvement of astrocytes in loss of dopaminergic neurons and aggregation of α-synuclein protein fo...
Meneses CS, Müller HY, Herzberg DE, Uberti B, Werner MP, Bustamante HA.To determine the microglial and astrocyte response to painful lameness in horses. Methods: Ionized calcium binding adaptor molecule 1 (Iba-1) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) expression, cell density and morphology were determined through immunofluorescence within the dorsal horn of equine spinal cord. Methods: A total of five adult horses with acute or chronic unilateral lameness, previously scheduled for euthanasia. Methods: Musculoskeletal lameness was evaluated in five horses through visual evaluation according to clinical guidelines. Spinal cord samples were obtained immediately...
Balaratnasingam C, Kang MH, Yu P, Chan G, Morgan WH, Cringle SJ, Yu DY.Retinal ganglion cell (RGC) axonal structure and function in the optic nerve head (ONH) is predominantly supported by astrocytes and capillaries. There is good experimental evidence to demonstrate that RGC axons are perturbed in a non-uniform manner following ONH injury and it is likely that the pattern of RGC axonal modification bears some correlation with the quantitative properties of astrocytes and capillaries within laminar compartments. Although there have been some excellent topographic studies concerning glial and microvascular networks in the ONH our knowledge regarding the quantitati...
Zamith Cunha R, Semprini A, Salamanca G, Gobbo F, Morini M, Pickles KJ, Roberts V, Chiocchetti R.Cannabinoid receptors are expressed in human and animal trigeminal sensory neurons; however, the expression in the equine trigeminal ganglion is unknown. Ten trigeminal ganglia from five horses were collected post-mortem from an abattoir. The expression of cannabinoid receptors type 1 (CB1R) and type 2 (CB2R), and the cannabinoid-related receptors like transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1 (TRPV1), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARɣ), and G protein-related receptor 55 (GPR55) in the trigeminal ganglia (TG) of the horse were studied, using immunofluorescence on cry...
