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Journal of orthopaedic research : official publication of the Orthopaedic Research Society2023; doi: 10.1002/jor.25629

3D T1 relaxation time measurements in an equine model of subtle post-traumatic osteoarthritis using MB-SWIFT.

Abstract: The aim of this study is to assess whether articular cartilage changes in an equine model of post-traumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA), induced by surgical creation of standard (blunt) grooves, and very subtle sharp grooves, could be detected with ex vivo T relaxation time mapping utilizing three-dimensional (3D) readout sequence with zero echo time. Grooves were made on the articular surfaces of the middle carpal and radiocarpal joints of nine mature Shetland ponies and osteochondral samples were harvested at 39 weeks after being euthanized under respective ethical permissions. T relaxation times of the samples (n = 8 + 8 for experimental and n = 12 for contralateral controls) were measured with a variable flip angle 3D multiband-sweep imaging with Fourier transform sequence. Equilibrium and instantaneous Young's moduli and proteoglycan (PG) content from OD of Safranin-O-stained histological sections were measured and utilized as reference parameters for the T relaxation times. T relaxation time was significantly (p < 0.05) increased in both groove areas, particularly in the blunt grooves, compared with control samples, with the largest changes observed in the superficial half of the cartilage. T relaxation times correlated weakly (R  ≈ 0.33) with equilibrium modulus and PG content (R  ≈ 0.21). T relaxation time in the superficial articular cartilage is sensitive to changes induced by the blunt grooves but not to the much subtler sharp grooves, at the 39-week timepoint post-injury. These findings support that T relaxation time has potential in detection of mild PTOA, albeit the most subtle changes could not be detected.
© 2023 The Authors. Journal of Orthopaedic Research® published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Orthopaedic Research Society.
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Publication Date: 2023-05-19 PubMed ID: 37203565DOI: 10.1002/jor.25629Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research discussed here focuses on the use of a specific technique (T1 relaxation time mapping employing a 3D readout sequence with zero echo time) to detect changes in articular cartilage in ponies. This was performed as part of an examination for post-traumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA). The key results indicate that this technique can identify mild PTOA, but the subtler changes could not be detected.

Objective and Methodology

  • The researchers embarked on a study to determine whether changes in articular cartilage in a pony model of PTOA could be detected using a specific technique – ex vivo T1 relaxation time mapping using a 3D readout sequence. The PTOA was induced by creating grooves of different subtleties on the surface of the articular cartilage.
  • The study was carried out on nine adult Shetland ponies. Grooves were created on the cartilage surfaces of the middle carpal and radiocarpal joints of the ponies. Samples were collected 39 weeks after euthanasia performed under ethical permission.

Measurements and Experimental Procedure

  • The T1 relaxation times of the samples were measured using a variable flip angle 3D multiband-sweep imaging with Fourier transform sequence.
  • The researchers also measured parameters such as equilibrium and instantaneous Young’s moduli and proteoglycan (PG) content, which were utilized as reference parameters for the T1 relaxation times.

Results and Findings

  • The findings highlighted that the T1 relaxation time increased in both groove areas compared to the control samples, especially in the blunt grooves. The most substantial changes were observed in the superficial half of the cartilage.
  • Correlations of T1 relaxation times were weakly associated with equilibrium modulus and PG content.

Implications and Conclusions

  • The conclusion drawn from the study was that T1 relaxation time mapping in the superficial articular cartilage is somewhat sensitive to changes induced by blunt grooves. However, it is less effective with the subtler sharp grooves, at the 39-week mark following the injury.
  • These results indicate that T1 relaxation time in 3D imaging has some potential in detecting milder forms of PTOA, although it falls short in tracking the most subtle changes.

Cite This Article

APA
Pala S, Hänninen NE, Mohammadi A, Ebrahimi M, Te Moller NCR, Brommer H, René van Weeren P, Mäkelä JTA, Korhonen RK, Afara IO, Töyräs J, Mikkonen S, Nissi MJ, Nykänen O. (2023). 3D T1 relaxation time measurements in an equine model of subtle post-traumatic osteoarthritis using MB-SWIFT. J Orthop Res. https://doi.org/10.1002/jor.25629

Publication

Journal of orthopaedic research : official publication of the Orthopaedic Research Society
ISSN: 1554-527X
NlmUniqueID: 8404726
Country: United States
Language: English

Researcher Affiliations

Pala, Swetha
  • Department of Technical Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.
Hänninen, Nina E
  • Department of Technical Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.
  • Research Unit of Medical Imaging, Physics and Technology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
Mohammadi, Ali
  • Department of Technical Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.
Ebrahimi, Mohammadhossein
  • Department of Technical Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.
  • Research Unit of Medical Imaging, Physics and Technology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
Te Moller, Nikae C R
  • Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Brommer, Harold
  • Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
René van Weeren, P
  • Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Mäkelä, Janne T A
  • Department of Technical Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.
Korhonen, Rami K
  • Department of Technical Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.
Afara, Isaac O
  • Department of Technical Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.
Töyräs, Juha
  • Department of Technical Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.
  • Science Service Center, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland.
  • School of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, USA.
Mikkonen, Santtu
  • Department of Technical Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.
Nissi, Mikko J
  • Department of Technical Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.
Nykänen, Olli
  • Department of Technical Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.
  • Research Unit of Medical Imaging, Physics and Technology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.

Grant Funding

  • #65211960 / Pohjois-Savon Rahasto
  • #285909 / Academy of Finland
  • #315820 / Academy of Finland
  • #319440 / Academy of Finland
  • #324529 / Academy of Finland
  • #325022 / Academy of Finland
  • #325146 / Academy of Finland
  • #337550 / Academy of Finland
  • #00180787 / Suomen Kulttuurirahasto
  • 022.005.018 / Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek
  • LLP- 22 / Dutch Arthritis Association

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