A comparative study of blood gas tensions, oxygen affinity and red cell 2,3 DPG concentrations in foetal and maternal blood in the mare, cow and sow.
Abstract: 1. Blood gas tensions, pH, PCV, O(2) affinity and red cell 2,3-diphosphoglycerate (DPG) levels have been measured in uterine and umbilical blood in conscious cows and mares with indwelling vascular catheters and in sows under sodium pentobarbitone anaesthesia.2. Large P(O2) gradients (20-24 mmHg) were observed between the uterine and umbilical venous blood in the cow and pig, while in the mare the corresponding P(O2) difference was only 2.7 +/- 1.7 mmHg. Alterations in maternal arterial P(O2) did not affect the large vein-to-vein P(O2) difference in either ruminant or pig.3. In the cow the presence of different haemoglobin types in the adult (A, AB or B) did not appear to affect the O(2) affinity. In six animals the mean P(50) of the foetal blood (24.8 mmHg) was considerably lower than that of the mother (35.5 mmHg); no changes in P(50) were observed during the last month of gestation. Red cell 2,3-DPG levels were higher in the calf foetus than in the mother, but in the ruminant 2,3-DPG has no effect on the affinity of haemoglobin for O(2) and the differences in P(50) between foetus and mother could be ascribed to the presence of a foetal haemoglobin.4. In the sow large differences in O(2) affinity between foetal and maternal blood were observed, which were related to red cell 2,3-DPG concentration. A rise in foetal blood P(50) during the last half of gestation was associated with increased foetal weight and a rise in red cell 2,3-DPG.5. In the mare the P(50) of the foetal blood was 2-5 mmHg below that of the mother. This difference appeared to be due to the lower 2,3-DPG concentration in the foetal red cells as in the sow; in both species the haemoglobin of the foetus is similar to that of the mother.6. The differences in foetal and maternal O(2) affinity found in the various species and the changes which may occur during gestation or in the perinatal period are discussed in relation to the observed transplacental P(O) (2) gradients and the O(2) requirements of the foetus and neonate.
Publication Date: 1974-11-01 PubMed ID: 4475693PubMed Central: PMC1330663DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.1974.sp010735Google Scholar: Lookup
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- Comparative Study
- Journal Article
Summary
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This study aims to understand the differences and similarities of blood gas tensions, oxygen affinity and red cell 2,3-diphosphoglycerate (DPG) concentrations in foetal and maternal blood across different animal species (horses, cows, and pigs). The results showed that these parameters vary across species and may change during gestation.
Methodology
- Measurements of blood gas tensions, pH, PCV, O2 affinity and red cell 2,3-diphosphoglycerate (DPG) levels were carried out using conscious cows and mares with indwelling vascular catheters as well as sows under sodium pentobarbitone anaesthesia.
- These measurements were taken from both uterine and umbilical blood in these animals.
Observations and Results
- In cows and pigs, there was a significant P(O2) gradient detected between the uterine and umbilical venous blood, whereas the horses showed a relatively small difference.
- Changes in the mother’s arterial P(O2) had no impact on the vein-to-vein P(O2) variation in either cows or pigs.
- In cows, different types of haemoglobin (A, AB or B) in the adult did not influence the O2 affinity. However, the foetal blood had a noticeably lower P50 than the mother’s blood. The 2,3-DPG levels in the red cells of the calf foetus were higher than in the mother, but did not affect the affinity of haemoglobin for O2.
- In pigs, there were substantial differences in O2 affinity between maternal and foetal blood, which were found to be related to the 2,3-DPG concentration in red cells. An increase in foetal blood P50 was found to be associated with higher foetal weight and 2,3-DPG in red cells.
- In horses, the P50 of foetal blood was slightly lower than that of the mother, which was likely due to a lower 2,3-DPG concentration in foetal red cells.
Implications and Discussions
- The study indicates that there is a variance in foetal and maternal O2 affinity across the species. This implies that the oxygen binding strength and the concentration of substances like 2,3-DPG in blood cells differ during different stages of pregnancy and across various animal species.
- The findings from this study also lead to a discussion on how these variances might influence the oxygen requirements of a foetus and a neonate.
- Considering the transplacental P(O2) gradients and the oxygen requirements of the foetus and neonate, understanding these changes could be beneficial for the medical care and health of both mother and child in the respective animal species.
Cite This Article
APA
Comline RS, Silver M.
(1974).
A comparative study of blood gas tensions, oxygen affinity and red cell 2,3 DPG concentrations in foetal and maternal blood in the mare, cow and sow.
J Physiol, 242(3), 805-826.
https://doi.org/10.1113/jphysiol.1974.sp010735 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Blood Protein Electrophoresis
- Carbon Dioxide / blood
- Catheterization
- Cattle
- Diphosphoglyceric Acids / blood
- Erythrocytes / analysis
- Female
- Fetus
- Gestational Age
- Horses
- Hydrogen-Ion Concentration
- Oxygen / blood
- Oxyhemoglobins / analysis
- Pregnancy
- Pregnancy, Animal
- Swine
- Umbilical Cord
- Uterus
References
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Citations
This article has been cited 7 times.- Pawliński B, Gołębiewski M, Trela M, Witkowska-Piłaszewicz O. Comparison of blood gas parameters, ions, and glucose concentration in polish Holstein-Friesian Dairy cows at different milk production levels.. Sci Rep 2023 Jan 25;13(1):1414.
- Diehl B, Oster M, Vernunft A, Wimmers K, Bostedt H. Intrinsic challenges of neonatal adaptation in swine.. Arch Anim Breed 2022;65(4):427-438.
- Szenci O, Van Der Weyden GC, Lénárt L, Taverne MAM. Changes of Acid-Base Variables in Dairy Cows with Chronically Implanted Fetal and Maternal Catheters during Late Gestation and Calving.. Animals (Basel) 2022 Sep 16;12(18).
- Grünberg W, van Bruggen LW, Eisenberg SW, Weerts EA, Wolfe A. Complete transposition of the aorta and pulmonary artery in a Belgian Blue crossbreed calf: a case report.. BMC Vet Res 2011 May 27;7:22.
- Jelkmann W, Bauer C. High pyruvate kinase activity causes low concentration of 2,3-diphosphoglycerate in fetal rabbit red cells.. Pflugers Arch 1978 Jul 18;375(2):189-95.
- Randall GC. Daily changes in the blood of conscious pigs with catheters in foetal and uterine vessels during late gestation.. J Physiol 1977 Sep;270(3):719-31.
- Comline RS, Silver M. Some aspects of foetal and uteroplacental metabolism in cows with indwelling umbilical and uterine vascular catheters.. J Physiol 1976 Sep;260(3):571-86.
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