A comparison of equid herpesvirus-1 (EHV-1) vascular lesions in the early versus late pregnant equine uterus.
Abstract: Four Welsh Mountain pony mares at 3 months of gestation and one mare at 5 months were inoculated intranasally with equid herpesvirus-1 (EHV-1: Ab4 isolate) at doses of 10(5) to 10(6.6) TCID50. All five mares became infected, but no cases of paresis or abortion occurred. On days 8, 9, 11, 12 (3-month-pregnant mares) and 13 (5-month-pregnant mare) after infection, a detailed examination of the pregnant uterus was made. Small numbers of vascular lesions with EHV-1 antigen expression in endothelial cells were present in the uteri of the early gestational mares; thrombi were rare and foci of thromboischaemic damage were not seen. Six pony mares previously inoculated with EHV-1 Ab4 at 9 months of gestation had a significantly greater degree of vascular abnormality than that found in the four mares infected at 3 months of gestation, but the degree of EHV-1 antigen expression and thrombosis in the uterus was similar to that found in the single mare infected when 5 months pregnant.
Publication Date: 1996-04-01 PubMed ID: 8762581DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9975(96)80045-4Google Scholar: Lookup
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- Comparative Study
- Journal Article
- Research Support
- Non-U.S. Gov't
Summary
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This study showed that equid herpesvirus-1 (EHV-1) infection causes more severe vascular damage in the uterus of horses that are later in their pregnancy (9 months) compared to horses earlier in their pregnancy (3 months), though the level of EHV-1 antigen expression and clot formation was similar in horses infected in the middle of their pregnancy (5 months) and those infected late in their pregnancy.
Introduction and Methodology
- The researchers of this study aimed to understand the impact of equid herpesvirus-1 (EHV-1) on the pregnant uterus of horses, specifically comparing the effects at different stages of pregnancy.
- They experimented on four Welsh Mountain pony mares at 3 months of pregnancy and one mare at 5 months of pregnancy. All were infected with intranasal doses of EHV-1 (specifically the Ab4 isolate).
- The study also referenced data from six pony mares that were previously infected with EHV-1 Ab4 at 9 months of gestation.
- Post-infection, detailed examinations were conducted on specific days (days 8, 9, 11, 12 for mares in 3 months of pregnancy and day 13 for the mare in 5 months of pregnancy).
Findings
- All five mares became infected after inoculation with the virus, but none of them experienced paresis (partial loss of movement) or abortion.
- In the uteri of the early gestational mares, the presence of vascular lesions, characterized by EHV-1 antigen expression in endothelial cells, was limited. Thrombi (blood clots) were also rare, and no foci of thromboischaemic damage (blood clot caused tissue damage due to a lack of blood supply) were observed.
- However, mares that had been previously infected with EHV-1 Ab4 at a later stage of gestation (9 months) displayed a significantly higher degree of vascular abnormality compared to the mares infected at 3 months of gestation.
- Interestingly, the degree of EHV-1 antigen expression and thrombosis in the uterus was similar for the single mare infected at 5 months of pregnancy and those infected at 9 months of pregnancy.
Implications
- These results suggest that the gestation period at the time of EHV-1 infection influences the severity of vascular damage seen in the uterus.
- This information may help in devising strategies to prevent or minimize the ill effects of EHV-1 in pregnant mares, especially in those that are later in their pregnancy.
Cite This Article
APA
Smith KC, Mumford JA, Lakhani K.
(1996).
A comparison of equid herpesvirus-1 (EHV-1) vascular lesions in the early versus late pregnant equine uterus.
J Comp Pathol, 114(3), 231-247.
https://doi.org/10.1016/s0021-9975(96)80045-4 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Animal Health Trust, Centre for Preventive Medicine, Suffolk, UK.
MeSH Terms
- Abortion, Veterinary / etiology
- Abortion, Veterinary / pathology
- Abortion, Veterinary / virology
- Administration, Intranasal
- Animals
- Antigens, Viral / analysis
- Arterioles / pathology
- Chorionic Villi / pathology
- Chorionic Villi / virology
- Female
- Gestational Age
- Herpesviridae Infections / complications
- Herpesviridae Infections / pathology
- Herpesviridae Infections / veterinary
- Herpesviridae Infections / virology
- Herpesvirus 1, Equid / immunology
- Herpesvirus 1, Equid / isolation & purification
- Herpesvirus 1, Equid / physiology
- Horse Diseases / pathology
- Horse Diseases / virology
- Horses / virology
- Pregnancy
- Pregnancy Complications, Hematologic / etiology
- Pregnancy Complications, Hematologic / pathology
- Pregnancy Complications, Hematologic / veterinary
- Pregnancy Complications, Infectious / pathology
- Pregnancy Complications, Infectious / veterinary
- Quadriplegia / veterinary
- Quadriplegia / virology
- Respiratory Tract Infections / pathology
- Respiratory Tract Infections / veterinary
- Respiratory Tract Infections / virology
- Thrombosis / etiology
- Thrombosis / pathology
- Thrombosis / veterinary
- Thrombosis / virology
- Uterus / blood supply
- Uterus / pathology
- Vascular Diseases / pathology
- Vascular Diseases / veterinary
- Vascular Diseases / virology
- Virus Replication
Grant Funding
- Wellcome Trust
Citations
This article has been cited 18 times.- Holmes CM, Wagner B. Characterization of Nasal Mucosal T Cells in Horses and Their Response to Equine Herpesvirus Type 1. Viruses 2024 Sep 25;16(10).
- Portaels J, Van Crombrugge E, Van Den Broeck W, Lagrou K, Laval K, Nauwynck H. Aspergillus Fumigatus Spore Proteases Alter the Respiratory Mucosa Architecture and Facilitate Equine Herpesvirus 1 Infection. Viruses 2024 Jul 27;16(8).
- Holmes CM, Babasyan S, Eady N, Schnabel CL, Wagner B. Immune horses rapidly increase antileukoproteinase and lack type I interferon secretion during mucosal innate immune responses against equine herpesvirus type 1. Microbiol Spectr 2024 Oct 3;12(10):e0109224.
- Giessler KS, Goehring LS, Jacob SI, Davis A, Esser MM, Lee Y, Zarski LM, Weber PSD, Hussey GS. Impact of the host immune response on the development of equine herpesvirus myeloencephalopathy in horses. J Gen Virol 2024 May;105(5).
- Laval K, Poelaert KCK, Van Cleemput J, Zhao J, Vandekerckhove AP, Gryspeerdt AC, Garré B, van der Meulen K, Baghi HB, Dubale HN, Zarak I, Van Crombrugge E, Nauwynck HJ. The Pathogenesis and Immune Evasive Mechanisms of Equine Herpesvirus Type 1. Front Microbiol 2021;12:662686.
- Zarski LM, Giessler KS, Jacob SI, Weber PSD, McCauley AG, Lee Y, Soboll Hussey G. Identification of Host Factors Associated with the Development of Equine Herpesvirus Myeloencephalopathy by Transcriptomic Analysis of Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells from Horses. Viruses 2021 Feb 24;13(3).
- Stasiak K, Dunowska M, Rola J. Outbreak of equid herpesvirus 1 abortions at the Arabian stud in Poland. BMC Vet Res 2020 Oct 6;16(1):374.
- Kamel M, Pavulraj S, Fauler B, Mielke T, Azab W. Equid Herpesvirus-1 Exploits the Extracellular Matrix of Mononuclear Cells to Ensure Transport to Target Cells. iScience 2020 Oct 23;23(10):101615.
- Kamel M, Pavulraj S, Osterrieder K, Azab W. EHV-1 Pathogenesis: Current in vitro Models and Future Perspectives. Front Vet Sci 2019;6:251.
- Holz CL, Sledge DG, Kiupel M, Nelli RK, Goehring LS, Soboll Hussey G. Histopathologic Findings Following Experimental Equine Herpesvirus 1 Infection of Horses. Front Vet Sci 2019;6:59.
- Schnabel CL, Wimer CL, Perkins G, Babasyan S, Freer H, Watts C, Rollins A, Osterrieder N, Wagner B. Deletion of the ORF2 gene of the neuropathogenic equine herpesvirus type 1 strain Ab4 reduces virulence while maintaining strong immunogenicity. BMC Vet Res 2018 Aug 22;14(1):245.
- Stokol T, Serpa PBS, Brooks MB, Divers T, Ness S. Subcutaneous Administration of Low-Molecular-Weight Heparin to Horses Inhibits Ex Vivo Equine Herpesvirus Type 1-Induced Platelet Activation. Front Vet Sci 2018;5:106.
- Shakya AK, O'Callaghan DJ, Kim SK. Comparative Genomic Sequencing and Pathogenic Properties of Equine Herpesvirus 1 KyA and RacL11. Front Vet Sci 2017;4:211.
- Laval K, Favoreel HW, Poelaert KC, Van Cleemput J, Nauwynck HJ. Equine Herpesvirus Type 1 Enhances Viral Replication in CD172a+ Monocytic Cells upon Adhesion to Endothelial Cells. J Virol 2015 Nov;89(21):10912-23.
- Stokol T, Yeo WM, Burnett D, DeAngelis N, Huang T, Osterrieder N, Catalfamo J. Equid herpesvirus type 1 activates platelets. PLoS One 2015;10(4):e0122640.
- Yeo WM, Osterrieder N, Stokol T. Equine herpesvirus type 1 infection induces procoagulant activity in equine monocytes. Vet Res 2013 Mar 11;44(1):16.
- Azab W, Osterrieder N. Glycoproteins D of equine herpesvirus type 1 (EHV-1) and EHV-4 determine cellular tropism independently of integrins. J Virol 2012 Feb;86(4):2031-44.
- Van de Walle GR, Peters ST, VanderVen BC, O'Callaghan DJ, Osterrieder N. Equine herpesvirus 1 entry via endocytosis is facilitated by alphaV integrins and an RSD motif in glycoprotein D. J Virol 2008 Dec;82(23):11859-68.
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