A comparison of injectable anaesthetic regimens in mules.
Abstract: Three combinations of injectable anaesthetic agents were compared in nine adult mules. The combinations were xylazine/ketamine (X/K), xylazine/butorphanol/ketamine (X/B/K), and xylazine/tiletamine-zolazepam (X/T). Measured variables were heart rate, respiratory rate, systolic blood pressure, arterial blood pH, PCO2 and PO2, recumbency time and number of attempts to stand. Quality of induction and recovery, muscle relaxation and response to stimulus were evaluated subjectively. Recumbency time was significantly (P < 0.05) longer with X/B/K and X/T than with X/K. Mules required significantly more attempts to stand under the influence of X/T than X/K or X/B/K. No statistically significant (P < 0.05) differences in heart rate, respiratory rate, blood pressure or arterial pH, PCO2 and PO2 were detected between groups.
Publication Date: 1992-02-01 PubMed ID: 9109957DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-3306.1992.tb04769.xGoogle Scholar: Lookup
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- Clinical Trial
- Comparative Study
- Journal Article
- Randomized Controlled Trial
- Research Support
- Non-U.S. Gov't
Summary
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This research article is about a study that compared the efficacy of three different combinations of injectable anaesthetic agents in nine adult mules.
Objective of the Research
- The main goal of the study was to compare and evaluate the effects of three different combinations of injectable anaesthetic agents on several physiological parameters in adult mules.
Methodology of the Research
- Three combinations of injectable anaesthetic agents were investigated: xylazine/ketamine (X/K), xylazine/butorphanol/ketamine (X/B/K), and xylazine/tiletamine-zolazepam (X/T).
- Nine adult mules were anaesthetized with each of these combinations, and several variables were measured during the process. These variables included heart rate, respiratory rate, systolic blood pressure, arterial blood pH, PCO2 and PO2, recumbency time (the time a mule will remain lying down), and the number of attempts the mule made to stand up.
- The same team also subjectively evaluated the quality of induction and recovery, muscle relaxation, and response to stimulus for each of the anaesthetic combinations.
Findings of the Research
- The study found that the recumbency time was significantly longer with the X/B/K and X/T combinations as compared to X/K.
- Mules needed significantly more attempts to stand when they were under the influence of X/T compared to X/K or X/B/K.
- No significant differences were found between the three combinations regarding heart rate, respiratory rate, blood pressure or arterial pH, PCO2, and PO2.
Conclusion
- The findings suggest that while all three combinations may affect the length of recumbency and the number of attempts to stand, the X/K combination is linked to a faster recovery time and fewer attempts to stand than the other two combinations.
- Furthermore, no significant differences in physiological parameters such as heart rate, respiratory rate, blood pressure or arterial pH were noted, indicating all three combinations have similar effects on these aspects.
Cite This Article
APA
Matthews NS, Taylor TS, Skrobarcek CL, Williams JD.
(1992).
A comparison of injectable anaesthetic regimens in mules.
Equine Vet J Suppl(11), 34-36.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2042-3306.1992.tb04769.x Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Department of Large Animal Medicine and Surgery, Texas Veterinary Medical Center, Texas A & M University, College Station 77843, USA.
MeSH Terms
- Anesthesia, Intravenous / veterinary
- Anesthetics, Intravenous
- Animals
- Blood Pressure / drug effects
- Butorphanol
- Carbon Dioxide / metabolism
- Catheterization, Peripheral / veterinary
- Equidae / physiology
- Female
- Heart Rate / drug effects
- Hydrogen-Ion Concentration
- Injections, Intravenous / veterinary
- Ketamine
- Male
- Muscle Relaxation / drug effects
- Oxygen / metabolism
- Partial Pressure
- Respiration / drug effects
- Tiletamine
- Xylazine
- Zolazepam
Citations
This article has been cited 3 times.- Ebner L, O O, Simon B, Lizarraga I, Smith J, Cox S. Pharmacokinetics of butorphanol following intravenous and intramuscular administration in donkeys: A preliminary study.. Front Vet Sci 2022;9:979794.
- Vullo C, Carluccio A, Robbe D, Meligrana M, Petrucci L, Catone G. Guaiphenesin-ketamine-xylazine infusion to maintain anesthesia in mules undergoing field castration.. Acta Vet Scand 2017 Oct 11;59(1):67.
- Carmona JU, Giraldo CE, Aristizabal W, García A, Vallejo LG. Evaluation of the effects of the sedation with azaperone/acepromazine and immobilization with guaiphenesin/thiopentone in mules.. Vet Res Commun 2007 Feb;31(2):125-32.
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