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Journal of toxicologic pathology2014; 27(1); 11-18; doi: 10.1293/tox.2013-0060

A comparison of the histological structure of the placenta in experimental animals.

Abstract: The primary function of the placenta is to act as an interface between the dam and fetus. The anatomic structure of the chorioallantoic placenta in eutherian mammals varies between different animal species. The placental types in eutherian mammals are classified from various standpoints based on the gross shape, the histological structure of the materno-fetal interface, the type of materno-fetal interdigitation, etc. Particularly, the histological structure is generally considered one of the most useful and instructive classifications for functionally describing placental type. In this system, three main types are recognized according to the cell layers comprising the interhemal area: (1) epitheliochorial type (horses, pigs and ruminants), (2) endotheliochorial type (carnivores) and (3) hemochorial type (primates, rodents and rabbits). The number of cell layers in the interhemal area is considered to modify the transfer of nutrients between maternal and fetal blood and is one of the important factors with respect to the difference in placental permeability between animal species. Therefore, in reproductive and developmental toxicity studies, careful attention should be paid to the histological structure of the interhemal area when extrapolating information concerning placental transfer characteristics to different animal species.
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Publication Date: 2014-04-30 PubMed ID: 24791062PubMed Central: PMC4000068DOI: 10.1293/tox.2013-0060Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The study compares the structure of placenta in different mammalian species for its impact on the transfer of nutrients from mother to fetus. It highlights that our understanding of placental transfer characteristics must consider the unique structure of the placenta in different species, especially when conducting toxicity studies.

Introduction

The paper focuses on understanding the anatomy and function of the placenta in eutherian mammals. The placenta, a vital organ, connects the developing fetus to the uterine wall of the mother to allow nutrient uptake, waste elimination, and gas exchange between the mother and the fetus. It serves as an interface between the dam (mother) and fetus. It shows that the anatomy of the placenta varies across different animal species, with the structure often acting as a potent determinant of its function.

Classification of Placental Types

  • Researchers classify the types of placenta in eutherian mammals from multiple perspectives, including the gross shape, the histological structure of the materno-fetal interface, and the type of materno-fetal interdigitation.
  • One of the most prominent and functional classifications relies on the histological structure (the microscopic anatomy of tissue).

Types of Histological Structures

  • The study outlines three primary types, which are categorized based on the cell layers comprising the interhemal area, the location where maternal and fetal blood exchanges nutrients and waste:
  • The epitheliochorial type is seen in horses, pigs, and ruminants.
  • The endotheliochorial type is found in carnivores.
  • The hemochorial type is present in primates, rodents, and rabbits.

Impact of Cell Layers

  • Interestingly, the study identifies the number of cell layers in the interhemal area as a critical factor influencing the transfer of nutrients between maternal and fetal blood.
  • This structure essentially modifies the placental permeability, leading to variations among different species of animals.

Implications for Toxicity Studies

  • The research concludes by emphasizing the importance of acknowledging these differences for reproductive and developmental toxicity studies.
  • Understanding the histological structure of the interhemal area is essential when extrapolating information about placental transfer characteristics across different animal species.

Cite This Article

APA
Furukawa S, Kuroda Y, Sugiyama A. (2014). A comparison of the histological structure of the placenta in experimental animals. J Toxicol Pathol, 27(1), 11-18. https://doi.org/10.1293/tox.2013-0060

Publication

Journal of toxicologic pathology
ISSN: 0914-9198
NlmUniqueID: 9306408
Country: Japan
Language: English
Volume: 27
Issue: 1
Pages: 11-18

Researcher Affiliations

Furukawa, Satoshi
  • Biological Research Laboratories, Nissan Chemical Industries, Ltd., 1470 Shiraoka-cho, Shiraoka, Saitama 349-0294, Japan.
Kuroda, Yusuke
  • Biological Research Laboratories, Nissan Chemical Industries, Ltd., 1470 Shiraoka-cho, Shiraoka, Saitama 349-0294, Japan.
Sugiyama, Akihiko
  • Courses of Veterinary Laboratory Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University,4-101 Koyama-cho Minami, Tottori 680-8553, Japan.

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