A comprehensive analysis of germline and expressed immunoglobulin repertoire in the horse.
Abstract: Based on the recently released horse genome, we have characterized the genomic organization of the horse Ig gene loci. The horse IgH locus in genomic scaffold Un0011 contains 40 D(H) segments, 8 J(H) segments and 50 V(H) segments. The Igkappa locus contains only a single C(kappa) gene, 5 J(kappa) segments and a 60 V(kappa) segments, whereas the Iglambda locus contains 7 C(lambda) genes each preceded by a J(lambda) gene segment. A total of 110 V(lambda) segments with the same transcriptional polarity as J(lambda)-C(lambda) were identified upstream of the J(lambda)-C(lambda) cluster. However, 34 V(lambda) segments locating downstream of the J(lambda)-C(lambda) cluster showed an opposite transcriptional polarity. Our results reveal that the horse germline V repertoires were more complex than previously estimated. By analyzing the cloned IgH/L cDNA, we further showed that several selected V subgroups were utilized in the expressed V(H), V(kappa), or V(lambda) and a high frequency of nucleotide deletions and insertions were introduced by somatic hypermutation in these expressed V genes.
Copyright 2010. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
Publication Date: 2010-05-16 PubMed ID: 20466019DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2010.05.003Google Scholar: Lookup
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- Journal Article
- Research Support
- Non-U.S. Gov't
Summary
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This research article explores the genomic organization of immunoglobulin genes in the horse. Based on the recently released horse genome, the scientists identified the components of these genes and revealed a higher complexity than previously estimated. They also found that a high frequency of genetic changes were introduced by somatic hypermutation in these expressed genes.
Genomic Organization of Horse Ig Gene Loci
- In the research, the scientists analyzed the horse genome’s released version and characterized the genomic organization of the horse immunoglobulin (Ig) gene loci.
- Three main parts were identified: the IgH locus in genomic scaffold Un0011, the Igkappa locus, and the Iglambda locus. Each of these loci contributors to the formation of immunoglobulins, important components of the immune system.
- The IgH locus was found to contain 40 D(H) segments, 8 J(H) segments, and 50 V(H) segments.
The Igkappa and Iglambda Loci
- The Igkappa locus, on the other hand, contains only a single C(kappa) gene, 5 J(kappa) segments, and 60 V(kappa) segments.
- The Iglambda locus was found to contain 7 C(lambda) genes, each preceded by a J(lambda) gene segment.
Complexity of the Horse Germline V Repertoires
- This research revealed that the horse germline V repertoires, which represent the genetic diversity of immunoglobulins, were more complex than researchers had previously estimated.
- This was shown by the identification of 110 V(lambda) segments, in the same transcriptional polarity as J(lambda)-C(lambda). Additionally, 34 V(lambda) segments locating downstream of the J(lambda)-C(lambda) cluster displayed an opposite transcriptional polarity.
Expressed V Genes Analysis
- By analyzing the cloned IgH/L cDNA, researchers showed that several selected V subgroups were utilized in the expressed V(H), V(kappa), or V(lambda).
- The study also showed that a high frequency of nucleotide deletions and insertions were introduced by somatic hypermutation, a process that introduces genetic variation in these expressed V genes, which is crucial for the immune response.
Cite This Article
APA
Sun Y, Wang C, Wang Y, Zhang T, Ren L, Hu X, Zhang R, Meng Q, Guo Y, Fei J, Li N, Zhao Y.
(2010).
A comprehensive analysis of germline and expressed immunoglobulin repertoire in the horse.
Dev Comp Immunol, 34(9), 1009-1020.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dci.2010.05.003 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China.
MeSH Terms
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Animals
- Clone Cells
- Genome
- Horses / genetics
- Horses / immunology
- Immunoglobulins / genetics
- Immunoglobulins / immunology
- Immunoglobulins / metabolism
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Phylogeny
- Sequence Alignment
Citations
This article has been cited 16 times.- Wibmer CK, Mashilo P. Exploiting V-Gene Bias for Rapid, High-Throughput Monoclonal Antibody Isolation from Horses.. Viruses 2022 Sep 30;14(10).
- Rosenfeld R, Alcalay R, Zvi A, Ben-David A, Noy-Porat T, Chitlaru T, Epstein E, Israeli O, Lazar S, Caspi N, Barnea A, Dor E, Chomsky I, Pitel S, Makdasi E, Zichel R, Mazor O. Centaur antibodies: Engineered chimeric equine-human recombinant antibodies.. Front Immunol 2022;13:942317.
- Wu M, Zhao H, Tang X, Zhao W, Yi X, Li Q, Sun X. Organization and Complexity of the Yak (Bos Grunniens) Immunoglobulin Loci.. Front Immunol 2022;13:876509.
- Matsuzawa S, Isobe M, Kurosawa N. Guinea pig immunoglobulin VH and VL naïve repertoire analysis.. PLoS One 2018;13(12):e0208977.
- Collins AM, Watson CT. Immunoglobulin Light Chain Gene Rearrangements, Receptor Editing and the Development of a Self-Tolerant Antibody Repertoire.. Front Immunol 2018;9:2249.
- Tallmadge RL, Wang M, Sun Q, Felippe MJB. Transcriptome analysis of immune genes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of young foals and adult horses.. PLoS One 2018;13(9):e0202646.
- Tallmadge RL, Miller SC, Parry SA, Felippe MJB. Antigen-specific immunoglobulin variable region sequencing measures humoral immune response to vaccination in the equine neonate.. PLoS One 2017;12(5):e0177831.
- Prieto JMB, Tallmadge RL, Felippe MJB. Developmental expression of B cell molecules in equine lymphoid tissues.. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2017 Jan;183:60-71.
- Walther S, Tietze M, Czerny CP, König S, Diesterbeck US. Development of a Bioinformatics Framework for the Detection of Gene Conversion and the Analysis of Combinatorial Diversity in Immunoglobulin Heavy Chains in Four Cattle Breeds.. PLoS One 2016;11(11):e0164567.
- Battista JM, Tallmadge RL, Stokol T, Felippe MJ. Hematopoiesis in the equine fetal liver suggests immune preparedness.. Immunogenetics 2014 Nov;66(11):635-49.
- Tallmadge RL, Tseng CT, Felippe MJ. Diversity of immunoglobulin lambda light chain gene usage over developmental stages in the horse.. Dev Comp Immunol 2014 Oct;46(2):171-9.
- Walther S, Czerny CP, Diesterbeck US. Exceptionally long CDR3H are not isotype restricted in bovine immunoglobulins.. PLoS One 2013;8(5):e64234.
- Tallmadge RL, Tseng CT, King RA, Felippe MJ. Developmental progression of equine immunoglobulin heavy chain variable region diversity.. Dev Comp Immunol 2013 Sep;41(1):33-43.
- Sun Y, Liu Z, Ren L, Wei Z, Wang P, Li N, Zhao Y. Immunoglobulin genes and diversity: what we have learned from domestic animals.. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2012 Jun 20;3(1):18.
- Guo Y, Bao Y, Meng Q, Hu X, Meng Q, Ren L, Li N, Zhao Y. Immunoglobulin genomics in the guinea pig (Cavia porcellus).. PLoS One 2012;7(6):e39298.
- Guo Y, Bao Y, Wang H, Hu X, Zhao Z, Li N, Zhao Y. A preliminary analysis of the immunoglobulin genes in the African elephant (Loxodonta africana).. PLoS One 2011 Feb 25;6(2):e16889.
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