A conserved segmental duplication within ELA.
Abstract: The assembled genomic sequence of the horse major histocompatibility complex (MHC) (equine lymphocyte antigen, ELA) is very similar to the homologous human HLA, with the notable exception of a large segmental duplication at the boundary of ELA class I and class III that is absent in HLA. The segmental duplication consists of a ∼ 710 kb region of at least 11 repeated blocks: 10 blocks each contain an MHC class I-like sequence and the helicase domain portion of a BAT1-like sequence, and the remaining unit contains the full-length BAT1 gene. Similar genomic features were found in other Perissodactyls, indicating an ancient origin, which is consistent with phylogenetic analyses. Reverse-transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR) of mRNA from peripheral white blood cells of healthy and chronically or acutely infected horses detected transcription from predicted open reading frames in several of the duplicated blocks. This duplication is not present in the sequenced MHCs of most other mammals, although a similar feature at the same relative position is present in the feline MHC (FLA). Striking sequence conservation throughout Perissodactyl evolution is consistent with a functional role for at least some of the genes included within this segmental duplication.
© 2010 The Authors, Journal compilation © 2010 Stichting International Foundation for Animal Genetics.
Publication Date: 2010-11-26 PubMed ID: 21070294DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2052.2010.02137.xGoogle Scholar: Lookup
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Summary
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The research focuses on the discovery of a significant segmental duplication in the horse major histocompatibility complex (MHC) which consists of numerous repeated blocks, a feature not found in similar sequences of most other mammals. The findings suggest an ancient origin and possible functional role for some of these duplicated genes.
Understanding the Genomic Sequence and its Duplication
- The study revolves around the genomic sequence of the horse major histocompatibility complex (MHC), also known as equine lymphocyte antigen (ELA). This assembled sequence shares considerable similarity with its human counterpart HLA, with the exception of a large segmental duplication at the boundary of ELA class I and III, which is absent in HLA.
- The identified segmental duplication is sizeable, approximately 710 kb region, comprising at least 11 repeated blocks. Of these blocks, 10 encompass an MHC class I-like sequence and the helicase domain portion of a BAT1-like sequence. The remaining unit contains the full-length BAT1 gene.
Prevalence in Other Perissodactyls and Transcription Observations
- The identified genomic features are also present in other Perissodactyls (a grouping of mammals that includes horses, rhinos, and zebras among others), pointing to their ancient origin. This observation aligns with the results of the conducted phylogenetic analyses.
- Through reverse-transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR) of mRNA from peripheral white blood cells, transcription from predicted open reading frames in several of the duplicated blocks was detected in both healthy horses and those suffering from chronic or acute infections.
Comparison with Other Mammalian MHCs
- This particular duplication is not found in the sequenced MHCs of most other mammals. Nevertheless, a similar feature at the same relative position is present in the feline MHC (FLA).
- The strong sequence conservation observed throughout Perissodactyl evolution suggests that some of the genes included within this segmental duplication may have a functional role.
Cite This Article
APA
Brinkmeyer-Langford CL, Murphy WJ, Childers CP, Skow LC.
(2010).
A conserved segmental duplication within ELA.
Anim Genet, 41 Suppl 2, 186-195.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2052.2010.02137.x Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-4458, USA. cbrinkmeyer@cvm.tamu.edu
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- DEAD-box RNA Helicases / genetics
- Gene Duplication
- Horses / genetics
- Horses / immunology
- Humans
- Major Histocompatibility Complex
- Mammals / genetics
- Mammals / immunology
Citations
This article has been cited 2 times.- Ghosh S, Qu Z, Das PJ, Fang E, Juras R, Cothran EG, McDonell S, Kenney DG, Lear TL, Adelson DL, Chowdhary BP, Raudsepp T. Copy number variation in the horse genome.. PLoS Genet 2014 Oct;10(10):e1004712.
- Futas J, Horin P. Natural killer cell receptor genes in the family Equidae: not only Ly49.. PLoS One 2013;8(5):e64736.
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