A hemodynamic model for anaphylactic shock.
Abstract: The treatment of cardiovascular collapse and anaphylactic shock is largely empiric. A simple animal model was developed to evaluate the hemodynamic alterations in anaphylaxis. Eight adult New Zealand white rabbits of both sexes were studied. All animals weighed 3.8 kg to 5.3 kg. Sensitization was accomplished with a 2-mL subcutaneous dose of horse serum followed in two days with a 2-mL intravenous (IV) dose. At least 14 days elapsed after the IV dose before a 1-mL challenge dose of horse serum was given. On the day of the challenge dose, a femoral arterial catheter, arterial temperature probe, and right atrial catheter were placed under methoxyflurane anesthesia. The temperature probe was positioned in the aortic arch. The methoxyflurane was discontinued and the only sedation given during the shock phase was IV diazepam (0.1 mg/kg to 0.5 mg/kg). At least 30 minutes after methoxyflurane was discontinued, the challenge dose of horse serum was given through the right atrial catheter. Before and during the shock phase cardiac rhythm, arterial pressure, and intravascular temperature were monitored continuously. Cardiac outputs (CO) were performed by a thermodilution technique using 0.8 mL room temperature saline injectate through the right atrial catheter. Temperature deflection of the aortic probe was recorded and cardiac output was calculated. After giving the challenge dose, CO was measured at three, five, ten, 15, 25, 35, 45, and 60 minutes. All eight animals showed a significant (P less than .0005) fall in CO, cardiac index, and blood pressure within three minutes. The fall in cardiac index was 50% or more in all animals. Two animals died as a result of shock.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Publication Date: 1985-09-01 PubMed ID: 4025979DOI: 10.1016/s0196-0644(85)80629-6Google Scholar: Lookup
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- Journal Article
- Anesthesia
- Animal Models
- Animal Studies
- Cardiovascular Health
- Clinical Pathology
- Clinical Study
- Diagnostic Technique
- Disease Treatment
- Emergency Care
- Equine Health
- Equine model
- Hemodynamics
- Horses
- Intravenous Administration
- Pathophysiology
- Pharmacodynamics
- Pharmacology
- Physiology
- Veterinary Medicine
- Veterinary Research
Summary
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The research discusses the development of an animal model for studying the hemodynamic changes occurring during anaphylactic shock using rabbits. The experiment’s findings indicate a significant drop in cardiac output, cardiac index, and blood pressure within three minutes following anaphylaxis induction.
Study Design and Methodology
- Eight adult New Zealand white rabbits, both males and females, were utilized for this research. These animals’ weights ranged between 3.8 kg to 5.3 kg.
- The sensitization process involved a two-day step, with a 2-mL subcutaneous dose of horse serum initially followed by a 2-mL intravenous dose. A minimum of 14 days was allowed to pass following this before the 1-mL challenge dose of horse serum was administered.
- On the challenge day, the researchers introduced a femoral arterial catheter, arterial temperature probe, and a right atrial catheter under methoxyflurane anesthetics. The arterial temperature probe was fixed in the aortic arch. However, Methoxyflurane was later halted, and IV diazepam was the only sedation provided during the shock phase.
Data Collection and Analysis
- After stopping the use of methoxyflurane, the challenge dose of horse serum was administered via the right atrial catheter at least 30 minutes later.
- Throughout the shock phase, cardiac rhythm, arterial pressure, and intravascular temperature were constantly monitored. Cardiac outputs were evaluated through a thermodilution method, using a 0.8 mL room temperature saline injectate via the right atrial catheter. Any temperature deviation of the aortic probe was noted, and cardiac output was calculated.
- After the challenge dose was administered, the CO was evaluated at various time intervals – three, five, ten, 15, 25, 35, 45, and 60 minutes.
Results
- All eight rabbits exhibited a significant (P less than .0005) drop in cardiac output (CO), cardiac index, and blood pressure within three minutes.
- The cardiovascular collapse was extremely severe, with a 50% or more reduction in the cardiac index in all subjects.
- The severity of the anaphylactic shock was so high that two of the rabbits potentially died as a direct result of the shock induced.
Cite This Article
APA
Barsan WG, Hedges JR, Syverud SA, Dalsey WC.
(1985).
A hemodynamic model for anaphylactic shock.
Ann Emerg Med, 14(9), 834-839.
https://doi.org/10.1016/s0196-0644(85)80629-6 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
MeSH Terms
- Anaphylaxis / etiology
- Anaphylaxis / physiopathology
- Animals
- Blood Pressure
- Cardiac Output
- Female
- Heart Rate
- Hemodynamics
- Horses
- Injections, Intravenous
- Injections, Subcutaneous
- Male
- Models, Biological
- Rabbits
- Stroke Volume
- Vascular Resistance
Citations
This article has been cited 1 times.- Mitsuhata H, Shimizu R, Yokoyama MM. Role of nitric oxide in anaphylactic shock. J Clin Immunol 1995 Nov;15(6):277-83.
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