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Home / Equine Research Bank / Genes (Basel) / A Mechanogenetic Model of Exercise-Induced Pulmonary Haemorr...
Genes2019; 10(11); 880; doi: 10.3390/genes10110880

A Mechanogenetic Model of Exercise-Induced Pulmonary Haemorrhage in the Thoroughbred Horse.

Abstract: Exercise-induced pulmonary haemorrhage (EIPH) occurs in horses performing high-intensity athletic activity. The application of physics principles to derive a 'physical model', which is coherent with existing physiology and cell biology data, shows that critical parameters for capillary rupture are cell-cell adhesion and cell stiffness (cytoskeleton organisation). Specifically, length of fracture in the capillary is a ratio between the energy involved in cell-cell adhesion and the stiffness of cells suggesting that if the adhesion diminishes and/or that the stiffness of cells increases EIPH is more likely to occur. To identify genes associated with relevant cellular or physiological phenotypes, the physical model was used in a post-genome-wide association study (GWAS) to define gene sets associated with the model parameters. The primary study was a GWAS of EIPH where the phenotype was based on weekly tracheal wash samples collected over a two-year period from 72 horses in a flat race training yard. The EIPH phenotype was determined from cytological analysis of the tracheal wash samples, by scoring for the presence of red blood cells and haemosiderophages. Genotyping was performed using the Illumina Equine SNP50 BeadChip and analysed using linear regression in PLINK. Genes within significant genome regions were selected for sets based on their GeneOntology biological process, and analysed using fastBAT. The gene set analysis showed that genes associated with cell stiffness (cytoskeleton organisation) and blood flow have the most significant impact on EIPH risk.
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Publication Date: 2019-11-01 PubMed ID: 31683933PubMed Central: PMC6895809DOI: 10.3390/genes10110880Google Scholar: Lookup
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  • Journal Article
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  • Non-U.S. Gov't

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This research focuses on investigating the causes of Exercise-induced pulmonary haemorrhage (EIPH) in racehorses. A physical model of these causes was built from physics principles and was combined with genetic data to identify which genes have the strongest influence on EIPH.

Background of the Research

  • EIPH is a common health condition seen in horses involved in high-intensity athletic activity. Understanding why this occurs is a major concern for equine health professionals.
  • The researchers in this study have applied knowledge from physics to understand the cellular and physical factors that might cause this condition, especially cell-cell adhesion and cell stiffness.
  • Cell-cell adhesion refers to the ability of cells to stick with each other, while cell stiffness denotes the rigidity of the cells. The study suggests that a decrease in adhesion or an increase in stiffness can lead to EIPH.
  • This study aimed to use this understanding of these factors to identify the genes that contribute to the physical properties identified as risk factors for EIPH.

The Methodology of the Study

  • The researchers conducted a Genome-Wide Association Study (GWAS), a common method for investigating genes associated with diseases. Here, the GWAS was specific to horses who have been diagnosed with EIPH.
  • The sample for the GWAS included 72 horses from a flat race training yard, who had their tracheal health monitored weekly for two years.
  • Genotype data was collected using a genotyping chip dedicated to equine samples and analysed with a software called PLINK.
  • The genes identified in regions of the genome associated with EIPH were analysed further using a software tool called fastBAT. This tool enabled the researchers to associate these identified genes with certain biological processes.

Findings of the Study

  • A significant finding from this research was that genes associated with cell stiffness and blood flow had the most substantial impact on EIPH risk.
  • This research is valuable in developing prevention strategies or treatment of EIPH, as it sheds light on the physical mechanics and genetic factors that cause this health issue in horses.
  • By recognising that the presence of certain genes can increase the chances of a horse developing EIPH, potential biological interventions to prevent or manage this condition might be considered.

Cite This Article

APA
Blott S, Cunningham H, Malkowski L, Brown A, Rauch C. (2019). A Mechanogenetic Model of Exercise-Induced Pulmonary Haemorrhage in the Thoroughbred Horse. Genes (Basel), 10(11), 880. https://doi.org/10.3390/genes10110880

Publication

Genes
ISSN: 2073-4425
NlmUniqueID: 101551097
Country: Switzerland
Language: English
Volume: 10
Issue: 11
PII: 880

Researcher Affiliations

Blott, Sarah
  • School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington LE12 5RD, UK. sarah.blott@nottingham.ac.uk.
Cunningham, Hannah
  • School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington LE12 5RD, UK. svyhlc@nottingham.ac.uk.
Malkowski, Laurène
  • School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington LE12 5RD, UK. svylm3@nottingham.ac.uk.
Brown, Alexandra
  • Animal Health Trust, Lanwades Park, Kentford, Newmarket, Suffolk CB8 7UU, UK. Alex.Brown@ahdb.org.uk.
Rauch, Cyril
  • School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington LE12 5RD, UK. cyril.rauch@nottingham.ac.uk.

MeSH Terms

  • Animals
  • Cytoskeleton / genetics
  • Female
  • Genetic Loci
  • Genome-Wide Association Study / veterinary
  • Hemorrhage / etiology
  • Hemorrhage / genetics
  • Hemorrhage / pathology
  • Hemorrhage / veterinary
  • Horse Diseases / etiology
  • Horse Diseases / genetics
  • Horse Diseases / pathology
  • Horses
  • Lung Diseases / etiology
  • Lung Diseases / genetics
  • Lung Diseases / pathology
  • Lung Diseases / veterinary
  • Male
  • Microvessels / pathology
  • Phenotype
  • Physical Exertion

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest. The funders had no role in the design of the study; in the collection, analyses, or interpretation of data; in the writing of the manuscript, or in the decision to publish the results.

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Citations

This article has been cited 2 times.
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