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Infection and immunity1994; 62(9); 3780-3785; doi: 10.1128/iai.62.9.3780-3785.1994

A new type of staphylococcal exfoliative toxin from a Staphylococcus aureus strain isolated from a horse with phlegmon.

Abstract: A new type of staphylococcal exfoliative toxin (sET) was isolated from the culture filtrate of a Staphylococcus aureus strain isolated from a horse with skin infection including phlegmon. The new sET was purified by precipitation with 80% saturated ammonium sulfate, column chromatography on DEAE-cellulofine A-500, gel filtration on a Sephadex G-75 column, and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (7.5% polyacrylamide). The new sET elicited general exfoliation of the epidermis with the so-called Nikolsky sign when inoculated into both 3-day-old mice and 1-day-old chicks, whereas sETA and sETB from human strains of S. aureus caused exfoliation in a 3-day-old mouse alone and shET from a porcine strain of Staphylococcus hyicus caused exfoliation in 1-day-old chicks alone. Intraepidermal splitting was observed at the granular layer of the epidermis of mice inoculated with the new sET as well as those inoculated with sETA. Exfoliation at the germinative layer of the epidermis was also observed in the chicks inoculated with the new sET as well as those inoculated with shET. The new sET was serologically different from sETA, sETB, and shET and showed the same molecular weight on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. It was thermolabile and lost its toxicity after being heated at 60 degrees C for 15 min. We propose that the new sET be designated as sETC.
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Publication Date: 1994-09-01 PubMed ID: 8063394PubMed Central: PMC303031DOI: 10.1128/iai.62.9.3780-3785.1994Google Scholar: Lookup
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  • Journal Article
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  • Non-U.S. Gov't

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This research identifies a new strain of toxin – the staphylococcal exfoliative toxin or sETC – produced by a strain of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria, found in a horse with a skin condition. The toxin was purified and observed to cause distinct exfoliation symptoms in mice and chicks, further than other known sET strains and displaying unique characteristics, such as being thermolabile.

Identification of New Toxin

  • The new staphylococcal exfoliative toxin (sET) was discovered in the Staphylococcus aureus strain, obtained from a horse with a skin infection known as phlegmon. Exfoliative toxins are bacterial substances that cause peeling of the skin.
  • The researchers purified the toxin using various techniques such as precipitation with ammonium sulfate, column chromatography on DEAE-cellulofine A-500, gel filtration on a Sephadex G-75 column, and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.
  • The new strain of toxin has been named sETC by the researchers, differentiating it from previous strains named sETA and sETB.

Observations in Animal Models

  • The research team introduced the new sET into 3-day-old mice and 1-day-old chicks. The toxin caused peeling of the skin in both species, a sign known as the Nikolsky sign.
  • The reaction from sETC was different compared to other known sET toxins. sETA and sETB produced from human strains of S. aureus caused skin peeling only in the 3-day-old mice, not in the chicks. Another exfoliative toxin from a porcine (pig) strain, shET, caused skin peeling in the chicks but not in the mice.
  • The new sET therefore seems to have a wide effect, representing a more significant potential risk factor.

Toxin Properties

  • The sETC showed the ability to initiate a split in the epidermis at the granular layer in mice as well as at the germinative layer in chicks, signifying its potency and broad impact.
  • Although the molecular weight of sETC was the same as the other staphylococcal exfoliative toxins, it was serologically different from all other known toxins. This means it was identified as a different type in blood tests.
  • A significant property of sETC is that it is thermolabile or sensitive to heat. The toxin lost its harmful properties when heated at 60 degrees Celsius for 15 minutes.

Cite This Article

APA
Sato H, Matsumori Y, Tanabe T, Saito H, Shimizu A, Kawano J. (1994). A new type of staphylococcal exfoliative toxin from a Staphylococcus aureus strain isolated from a horse with phlegmon. Infect Immun, 62(9), 3780-3785. https://doi.org/10.1128/iai.62.9.3780-3785.1994

Publication

Infection and immunity
ISSN: 0019-9567
NlmUniqueID: 0246127
Country: United States
Language: English
Volume: 62
Issue: 9
Pages: 3780-3785

Researcher Affiliations

Sato, H
  • Department of Veterinary Microbiology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Kitasato University, Aomori, Japan.
Matsumori, Y
    Tanabe, T
      Saito, H
        Shimizu, A
          Kawano, J

            MeSH Terms

            • Animals
            • Bacterial Toxins / immunology
            • Bacterial Toxins / isolation & purification
            • Bacterial Toxins / toxicity
            • Cellulitis / microbiology
            • Cellulitis / veterinary
            • Horse Diseases / microbiology
            • Horses
            • Hot Temperature
            • Mice
            • Mice, Inbred BALB C
            • Staphylococcus aureus / pathogenicity

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