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The Journal of biological chemistry1997; 272(15); 9621-9624; doi: 10.1074/jbc.272.15.9621

A novel family of viral death effector domain-containing molecules that inhibit both CD-95- and tumor necrosis factor receptor-1-induced apoptosis.

Abstract: Molluscum contagiosum virus proteins MC159 and MC160 and the equine herpesvirus 2 protein E8 share substantial homology to the death effector domain present in the adaptor molecule Fas-associated death domain protein (FADD) and the initiating death protease FADD-like interleukin-1beta-converting enzyme (FLICE) (caspase-8). FADD and FLICE participate in generating the death signal from both tumor necrosis factor receptor-1 (TNFR-1) and the CD-95 receptor. The flow of death signals from TNFR-1 occurs through the adaptor molecule tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated death domain protein (TRADD) to FADD to FLICE, whereas for CD-95 the receptor directly communicates with FADD and then FLICE. MC159 and E8 inhibited both TNFR-1- and CD-95-induced apoptosis as well as killing mediated by overexpression of the downstream adaptors TRADD and FADD. Neither viral molecule, however, inhibited FLICE-induced killing, consistent with an inhibitory action upstream of the active death protease. These data suggest the existence of a novel strategy employed by viruses to attenuate host immune killing mechanisms. Given that bovine herpesvirus 4 protein E1.1 and Kaposi's sarcoma associated-herpesvirus protein K13 also possess significant homology to the viral inhibitory molecules MC159, MC160, and E8, it may be that this class of proteins is used ubiquitously by viruses to evade host defense.
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Publication Date: 1997-04-11 PubMed ID: 9092488DOI: 10.1074/jbc.272.15.9621Google Scholar: Lookup
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  • Journal Article
  • Research Support
  • U.S. Gov't
  • P.H.S.

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This study reveals a previously unknown strategy that viruses use to evade the immune response. Specific viral proteins are found that can inhibit the apoptosis (programmed cell death) induced by CD-95 and tumor necrosis factor receptor-1 (TNFR-1), thus possibly helping viruses to survive and replicate in the host organism.

Introduction

The paper investigates proteins MC159 and MC160 from Molluscum contagiosum virus and protein E8 from equine herpesvirus 2. These proteins have a high degree of similarity with the death effector domain in particular human proteins involved in apoptosis. The latter are Fas-associated death domain protein (FADD) and FADD-like interleukin-1beta-converting enzyme (FLICE) which have a critical role in the death signal pathway. Two key receptors that trigger this process are CD-95 and TNFR-1.

  • The signal from TNFR-1 is transmitted through another protein called tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated death domain protein (TRADD), then onto FADD, and finally FLICE.
  • For the CD-95 receptor, the signal directly connects with FADD and then FLICE.

Findings

The researchers discovered that MC159 and E8 proteins could inhibit the apoptosis induced by both TNFR-1 and CD-95 and also the killing effect produced by overexpression of TRADD and FADD (downstream adaptors). However, these viral proteins did not inhibit killing triggered by FLICE, implying that their inhibitory activity occurs upstream of this active death protease.

Conclusion

The findings suggest that some viruses utilize a unique strategy to diminish host defense mechanisms. These inhibitory proteins may prevent the death of infected cells and this could potentially promote viral survival and proliferation. Similar proteins have been identified in other viruses (Kaposi’s sarcoma associated-herpesvirus and bovine herpesvirus 4), suggesting that this type of evasion strategy may be widely used by viruses. These findings increase our understanding of viral immune evasion and could help in the development of new antiviral treatments.

Cite This Article

APA
Hu S, Vincenz C, Buller M, Dixit VM. (1997). A novel family of viral death effector domain-containing molecules that inhibit both CD-95- and tumor necrosis factor receptor-1-induced apoptosis. J Biol Chem, 272(15), 9621-9624. https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.272.15.9621

Publication

The Journal of biological chemistry
ISSN: 0021-9258
NlmUniqueID: 2985121R
Country: United States
Language: English
Volume: 272
Issue: 15
Pages: 9621-9624

Researcher Affiliations

Hu, S
  • Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-0602, USA.
Vincenz, C
    Buller, M
      Dixit, V M

        MeSH Terms

        • Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing
        • Amino Acid Sequence
        • Animals
        • Antigens, CD / chemistry
        • Antigens, CD / metabolism
        • Apoptosis / drug effects
        • Carrier Proteins / chemistry
        • Carrier Proteins / metabolism
        • Caspase 8
        • Caspase 9
        • Caspases
        • Cattle
        • Cysteine Endopeptidases / chemistry
        • Cysteine Endopeptidases / metabolism
        • Fas Ligand Protein
        • Fas-Associated Death Domain Protein
        • Interleukin-1 / metabolism
        • Membrane Glycoproteins / chemistry
        • Membrane Glycoproteins / metabolism
        • Molecular Sequence Data
        • Proteins / chemistry
        • Proteins / metabolism
        • Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor / chemistry
        • Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor / metabolism
        • Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type I
        • Sequence Alignment
        • TNF Receptor-Associated Factor 1
        • fas Receptor / chemistry
        • fas Receptor / metabolism

        Grant Funding

        • AG13671 / NIA NIH HHS
        • ES08111 / NIEHS NIH HHS

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