A pilot study comparing the development of EIAV Env-specific antibodies induced by DNA/recombinant vaccinia-vectored vaccines and an attenuated Chinese EIAV vaccine.
Abstract: Data from successful attenuated lentiviral vaccine studies indicate that fully mature Env-specific antibodies characterized by high titer, high avidity, and the predominant recognition of conformational epitopes are associated with protective efficacy. Although vaccination with a DNA prime/recombinant vaccinia-vectored vaccine boost strategy has been found to be effective in some trials with non-human primate/simian/human immunodeficiency virus (SHIV) models, it remains unclear whether this vaccination strategy could elicit mature equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV) Env-specific antibodies, thus protecting vaccinated horses against EIAV infection. Therefore, in this pilot study we vaccinated horses using a strategy based on DNA prime/recombinant Tiantan vaccinia (rTTV)-vectored vaccines encoding EIAV env and gag genes, and observed the development of Env-specific antibodies, neutralizing antibodies, and p26-specific antibodies. Vaccination with DNA induced low titer, low avidity, and the predominant recognition of linear epitopes by Env-specific antibodies, which was enhanced by boosting vaccinations with rTTV vaccines. However, the maturation levels of Env-specific antibodies induced by the DNA/rTTV vaccines were significantly lower than those induced by the attenuated vaccine EIAV(FDDV). Additionally, DNA/rTTV vaccines did not elicit broadly neutralizing antibodies. After challenge with a virulent EIAV strain, all of the vaccinees and control horses died from EIAV disease. These data indicate that the regimen of DNA prime/rTTV vaccine boost did not induce mature Env-specific antibodies, which might have contributed to immune protection failure.
Publication Date: 2012-11-21 PubMed ID: 23171359PubMed Central: PMC3518545DOI: 10.1089/vim.2012.0014Google Scholar: Lookup
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- Journal Article
- Research Support
- Non-U.S. Gov't
Summary
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The research study discusses comparing the development of antibodies induced by DNA/recombinant vaccinia-vectored vaccines to an attenuated Chinese EIAV vaccine for equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV). The study concluded that DNA/recombinant vaccines did not induce mature antibodies and did not protect horses from EIAV infection.
Objective and Methods
- The primary aim of this research study was to examine and compare the effectiveness of DNA/recombinant vaccinia-vectored vaccines and an attenuated Chinese EIAV vaccine on the development of antibodies, designed to combat Equine Infectious Anemia Virus (EIAV). The hypothesis being tested was whether the DNA prime/recombinant Tiantan vaccinia-vectored vaccines encoding EIAV env and gag genes could stimulate the development of mature EIAV Env-specific antibodies, thereby offering protection against EIAV infection.
- To do so, horses were vaccinated using a strategy consisting of a DNA prime vaccination followed by a boost of recombinant Tiantan vaccinia-vectored vaccines. Subsequently, the development of specific antibodies (Env-specific antibodies, neutralizing antibodies, and p26-specific antibodies) was monitored.
Findings
- The initial vaccination with DNA induced a low level and low avidity response from Env-specific antibodies, though this response was slightly enhanced by sequential administrations of recombinant Tiantan vaccinia vaccines.
- Importantly, the degree of maturation achieved by Env-specific antibodies due to the DNA/recombinant vaccines was significantly lower than from the attenuated EIAV vaccine, raising questions about the protective capacity of the DNA/recombinant vaccines.
- The study data further exhibited that DNA/recombinant vaccinia-vectored vaccines not only failed to elicit strong, mature Env-specific antibodies but they also did not stimulate the production of broadly neutralizing antibodies.
- Following exposure to a virulent EIAV strain, all horses, regardless of their vaccination status, succumbed to the EIAV disease. This starkly demonstrates that the DNA prime/recombinant Tiantan vaccinia-vectored vaccine regimen did not yield mature, Env-specific antibodies, resulting in the failure of immune protection.
Conclusions
- This pilot study provides valuable insights into the limited effectiveness of DNA/recombinant vaccinia-vectored vaccines against EIAV infection. It serves as a key, cautionary indication that such vaccines, despite their efficacy in other contexts, may not be similarly suitable or effective for combating EIAV.
- The study concludes by suggesting that a deeper understanding of the immunological interactions, and an optimized vaccination strategy, may be required to induce a stronger, more protective immune response leading to enhanced protective efficacy against EIAV infection.
Cite This Article
APA
Meng Q, Lin Y, Ma J, Ma Y, Zhao L, Li S, Yang K, Zhou J, Shen R, Zhang X, Shao Y.
(2012).
A pilot study comparing the development of EIAV Env-specific antibodies induced by DNA/recombinant vaccinia-vectored vaccines and an attenuated Chinese EIAV vaccine.
Viral Immunol, 25(6), 477-484.
https://doi.org/10.1089/vim.2012.0014 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Antibodies, Neutralizing / blood
- Antibodies, Viral / blood
- Equine Infectious Anemia / prevention & control
- Horses
- Infectious Anemia Virus, Equine / immunology
- Pilot Projects
- Survival Analysis
- Vaccination / methods
- Vaccines, Attenuated / administration & dosage
- Vaccines, Attenuated / immunology
- Vaccines, DNA / administration & dosage
- Vaccines, DNA / immunology
- Viral Envelope Proteins / immunology
- Viral Vaccines / administration & dosage
- Viral Vaccines / immunology
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