A review of equid herpesvirus 1 for the veterinary practitioner. Part A: clinical presentation, diagnosis and treatment.
Abstract: Equid herpesvirus (EHV) type 1 is a common pathogen of horses with worldwide distribution. Although severe tracheobronchitis has been described in some field outbreaks of EHV-1 respiratory disease, many EHV-1 infections occur asymptomatically or are accompanied only by signs of mild respiratory disease. However, EHV-1 infection can also result in outcomes other than respiratory disease such as abortion, neonatal death or neurological disease. This review provides an overview of the diagnosis, treatment and prognosis for EHV-1-associated diseases, with an emphasis on neurological presentations of EHV-1 infection.
Publication Date: 2014-03-07 PubMed ID: 24597778DOI: 10.1080/00480169.2014.899945Google Scholar: Lookup
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- Journal Article
- Review
Summary
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This article investigates Equid herpesvirus (EHV) type 1, a typical pathogen impacting horses globally. It particularly examines its symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis, with a focus on its neurological effects.
Scope of the Research
- The research primarily aims at analyzing the equid herpesvirus 1 (EHV-1), a widespread horse causing disease in the global context.
- The article aims to provide a detailed understanding of the virus’s clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment methodologies.
Clinical Presentation
- The EHV-1 usually presents as an asymptomatic infection or generates only mild symptoms related to respiratory disease in most horses. The affected horses might experience severe tracheobronchitis during some EHV-1 outbreaks.
- In some cases, EHV-1 infection may lead to severe complications beyond respiratory disease, suggesting variable symptoms and effects. These severe outcomes could include abortion, neonatal death, or neurological diseases in horses.
Diagnosis and Treatment
- The research provides an overview of the diagnostic procedures necessary to identify EHV-1, vital to initiate the appropriate treatment on time, thereby reducing the virus’s potential harm to horse health.
- The paper comprehensively discusses the various treatment protocols for EHV-1, providing a clear picture of the steps veterinary practitioners could take to mitigate the advent and impact of the disease.
- Alongside understanding the diagnostic techniques and treatment methods, recognizing the prognosis of EHV-1 is essential. Greater understanding in this area allows veterinarians to be better prepared for disease management and future interventions.
Highlight on Neurological Presentations
- The research points particular attention towards providing insights about the neurological presentations of the EHV-1 infection.
- Understanding this aspect is valuable since neurological conditions can be complex and require in-depth knowledge to manage effectively. Such specific emphasis would aid veterinary practitioners in diagnosing and treating neurological disorders associated with EHV-1 more accurately.
Cite This Article
APA
Dunowska M.
(2014).
A review of equid herpesvirus 1 for the veterinary practitioner. Part A: clinical presentation, diagnosis and treatment.
N Z Vet J, 62(4), 171-178.
https://doi.org/10.1080/00480169.2014.899945 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- a Institute of Veterinary, Animal and Biomedical Sciences , Massey University , Palmerston North , New Zealand.
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Herpesviridae Infections / diagnosis
- Herpesviridae Infections / prevention & control
- Herpesviridae Infections / therapy
- Herpesviridae Infections / veterinary
- Herpesvirus 1, Equid / classification
- Herpesvirus 1, Equid / genetics
- Horse Diseases / diagnosis
- Horse Diseases / prevention & control
- Horse Diseases / therapy
- Horse Diseases / virology
- Horses
- Viral Vaccines / immunology
Citations
This article has been cited 14 times.- Carvelli A, Nielsen SS, Paillot R, Broglia A, Kohnle L. Clinical impact, diagnosis and control of Equine Herpesvirus-1 infection in Europe. EFSA J 2022 Apr;20(4):e07230.
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- Delva JL, Nauwynck HJ, Mettenleiter TC, Favoreel HW. The Attenuated Pseudorabies Virus Vaccine Strain Bartha K61: A Brief Review on the Knowledge Gathered During 60 Years of Research. Pathogens 2020 Oct 27;9(11).
- Abas O, Abdo W, Kasem S, Alwazzan A, Saleh AG, Saleh IG, Fukushi H, Yanai T, Haridy M. Time Course-Dependent Study on Equine Herpes Virus 9-Induced Abortion in Syrian Hamsters. Animals (Basel) 2020 Aug 7;10(8).
- Tan L, Yuan X, Liu Y, Cai X, Guo S, Wang A. Non-muscle Myosin II: Role in Microbial Infection and Its Potential as a Therapeutic Target. Front Microbiol 2019;10:401.
- Seeber PA, Dayaram A, Sicks F, Osterrieder N, Franz M, Greenwood AD. Noninvasive Detection of Equid Herpesviruses in Fecal Samples. Appl Environ Microbiol 2019 Feb 1;85(3).
- Seeber PA, Quintard B, Sicks F, Dehnhard M, Greenwood AD, Franz M. Environmental stressors may cause equine herpesvirus reactivation in captive Grévy's zebras (Equus grevyi). PeerJ 2018;6:e5422.
- Stasiak K, Dunowska M, Rola J. Prevalence and sequence analysis of equid herpesviruses from the respiratory tract of Polish horses. Virol J 2018 Jul 11;15(1):106.
- Dehghanpir SD, Birkenheuer CH, Yang K, Murelli RP, Morrison LA, Le Grice SFJ, Baines JD. Broad anti-herpesviral activity of α-hydroxytropolones. Vet Microbiol 2018 Feb;214:125-131.
- Stasiak K, Dunowska M, Hills SF, Rola J. Genetic characterization of equid herpesvirus type 1 from cases of abortion in Poland. Arch Virol 2017 Aug;162(8):2329-2335.
- Al-Ebshahy E, Badr Y, El-Ansary RE, Alajmi R, El-Ashram S, Rady A, Elgendy E. Molecular Detection and Genetic Characteristics of Equine Herpesviruses 1 and 4 in Egypt. Vet Med Int 2025;2025:9719058.
- de la Cuesta-Torrado M, Velloso Alvarez A, Cárdenas-Rebollo JM, Neira-Egea P, Vitale V, Cuervo-Arango J. Comparison of clinical variables and outcome of 2 natural equine herpesvirus myeloencephalopathy outbreaks induced by equine herpesvirus-1 A2254/N752 strain in sport horses. J Vet Intern Med 2025 Jan-Feb;39(1):e17287.
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