A Specific Flocculation Reaction Occurring Between Alcoholic Extracts of Pneumococci and Antipneumococcus Serum.
Abstract: 1. A flocculation reaction has been described which occurs between alcoholic extracts of pneumococci and antipneumococcus serum. 2. The reaction appears to be species-specific. It is not strictly type-specific, as slight or moderate cross-reactions occurred between Type I serums and Type II and Type III extracts. 3. The flocculating power of the serum from five horses undergoing immunization with pneumococcus, Type I, did not develop to any extent before the end of the 4th or 5th month. 4. In the case of two of these horses in which it was possible to carry out parallel tests on a larger number of subsequent bleedings until the end of immunization, some relationship was suggested between the flocculating power and the protective titer as ascertained by the routine method of standardization in mice.
Publication Date: 1927-01-31 PubMed ID: 19869248PubMed Central: PMC2131277DOI: 10.1084/jem.45.2.227Google Scholar: Lookup
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- Journal Article
Summary
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This research article focuses on specific flocculation reactions that occur between alcoholic extracts of pneumococci and antipneumococcus serum, investigating its species-specificity, slight cross-reactivity, as well as its emergence in serum after a specific period of immunization.
Flocculation Reaction Between Alcoholic Extracts of Pneumococci and Antipneumococcus Serum
- The research details a flocculation reaction that takes place between alcoholic extracts of pneumococci (a type of bacteria that can cause diseases like pneumonia) and antipneumococcus serum, a type of serum designed to counteract pneumococci.
- A flocculation reaction refers to the process where particles, in this case, the pneumococci, come out of a suspension in the form of flaky aggregates or flocs after the addition of a specific substance—in this case, the antipneumococcus serum.
Species-specificity and Cross-reactivity
- The researchers found that the aforementioned flocculation reaction is species-specific. This means that the reaction specifically occurs between the pneumococci and its corresponding antipneumococcus serum.
- While the reaction is species-specific, it is not strictly type-specific. That is, there were observed slight to moderate cross-reactions between different types of the serum and the extracted pneumococci. For example, Type I serums showed some cross-reactivity with Type II and Type III pneumococci.
Immunization and Flocculation
- The research also discovered that the flocculating power (the ability to cause a flocculation reaction) of serum taken from horses undergoing immunization with pneumococcus, Type I, did not significantly develop until towards the end of the 4th or 5th month of immunization.
- This delayed development implies that the immune system might take longer to develop a defence mechanism that can cause a significant flocculation reaction against pneumococci.
Flocculating Power and Protective Titer
- The study was also able to suggest some correlation between the flocculating power and the protective titer in two horses, as ascertained by standard methods of standardization in mice.
- The protective titer refers to the concentration of antibodies in the blood, indicating the strength of the body’s immune response. If there is a positive relationship, this suggests that a higher flocculating power could correlate with a stronger immune response against pneumococci.
Cite This Article
APA
Jungeblut CW.
(1927).
A Specific Flocculation Reaction Occurring Between Alcoholic Extracts of Pneumococci and Antipneumococcus Serum.
J Exp Med, 45(2), 227-241.
https://doi.org/10.1084/jem.45.2.227 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Division of Laboratories and Research, New York State Department of Health, Albany.
References
This article includes 8 references
- Zinsser H. STUDIES ON THE TUBERCULIN REACTION AND ON SPECIFIC HYPERSENSITIVENESS IN BACTERIAL INFECTION.. J Exp Med 1921 Oct 31;34(5):495-524.
- Mueller JH, Tomcsik J. THE CHEMICAL NATURE OF RESIDUE ANTIGEN PREPARED FROM YEAST.. J Exp Med 1924 Aug 31;40(3):343-52.
- Wadsworth A. The Agglutination of the Pneumococcus with certain Normal and Immune Sera.. J Med Res 1903 Oct;10(2):228-42.
- Avery OT, Heidelberger M. IMMUNOLOGICAL RELATIONSHIPS OF CELL CONSTITUENTS OF PNEUMOCOCCUS.. J Exp Med 1923 Jun 30;38(1):81-5.
- Zinsser H, Parker JT. FURTHER STUDIES ON BACTERIAL HYPERSUSCEPTIBILITY. II.. J Exp Med 1923 Jan 31;37(2):275-302.
- Heidelberger M, Avery OT. THE SOLUBLE SPECIFIC SUBSTANCE OF PNEUMOCOCCUS : SECOND PAPER.. J Exp Med 1924 Aug 31;40(3):301-17.
- Perlzweig WA, Steffen GI. STUDIES ON PNEUMOCOCCUS IMMUNITY : III. THE NATURE OF PNEUMOCOCCUS ANTIGEN.. J Exp Med 1923 Jul 31;38(2):163-82.
- Heidelberger M, Avery OT. THE SOLUBLE SPECIFIC SUBSTANCE OF PNEUMOCOCCUS.. J Exp Med 1923 Jun 30;38(1):73-9.
Citations
This article has been cited 1 times.- Enders JF. A TYPE SPECIFIC SUBSTANCE DISTINCT FROM THE SPECIFIC CARBOHYDRATE IN PNEUMOCOCCUS TYPE I.. J Exp Med 1930 Jul 31;52(2):235-52.
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