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A subset of equine sarcoids harbours BPV-1 DNA in a complex with L1 major capsid protein.
Abstract: Bovine papillomavirus type 1 or 2 (BPV-1, BPV-2) are accepted causal factors in equine sarcoid pathogenesis. Whereas viral genomes are consistently found and expressed within lesions, intact virions have never been detected, thus permissiveness of sarcoids for BPV-1 replication remains unclear. To reassess this issue, an immunocapture PCR (IC/PCR) was established using L1-specific antibodies to capture L1-DNA complexes followed by amplification of the viral genome. Following validation of the assay, 13 sarcoid-bearing horses were evaluated by IC/PCR. Samples were derived from 21 tumours, 4 perilesional/intact skin biopsies, and 1 serum. Tissue extracts from sarcoid-free equines served as controls. IC/PCR scored positive in 14/24 (58.3%) specimens obtained from sarcoid-patients, but negative for controls. Quantitative IC/PCR demonstrated <125 immunoprecipitable viral genomes/50 microl extract for the majority of specimens. Moreover, full-length BPV-1 genomes were detected in a complex with L1 proteins. These complexes may correspond to virion precursors or intact virions.
Publication Date: 2008-04-18 PubMed ID: 18395238DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2008.02.014Google Scholar: Lookup The Equine Research Bank provides access to a large database of publicly available scientific literature. Inclusion in the Research Bank does not imply endorsement of study methods or findings by Mad Barn.
- Journal Article
- Research Support
- Non-U.S. Gov't
Summary
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The research investigates the role of Bovine papillomavirus type 1 (BPV-1) in the development of horse sarcoids, a type of skin tumour, and uses a specialized test, immunocapture PCR (IC/PCR), to detect the virus in a combination with a protein (L1) which could possibly be a precursor or component of the virus itself.
Objective of the Research
- The study aimed to figure out whether equine sarcoids (a type of horse skin tumour) are permissible for BPV-1 replication or not. Although previous studies have found viral genomes within the lesions, they failed to identify intact virions which led to unclear conclusions about the role of BPV-1 in sarcoid formation.
Methodology
- To solve this query, researchers used a specialized test known as immunocapture PCR (IC/PCR) which uses specific antibodies (L1-specific antibodies) to capture DNA-protein complexes and further amplify the viral genome for studies.
- 13 horses with sarcoids were examined using this IC/PCR, with samples taken from 21 tumours and 4 perilesional/intact skin biopsies, along with a serum sample.
- Tissue extracts from horses without sarcoids were used as a control group.
Results
- Results from the IC/PCR tested positive in 14 out of 24 specimens obtained from the tumours, indicating a significant presence of BPV-1 within the affected tissue.
- Additionally, the test was able to detect less than 125 immunoprecipitable viral genomes per 50 microlitres of the extract, suggesting that the viral load, although present, isn’t highly concentrated.
- Most significantly, the study was able to detect full-length BPV-1 genomes in a complex with L1 proteins, leading to the conclusion that these complexes could potentially correspond to virion precursors or intact virions, thus clarifying the role of this virus in sarcoid pathogenesis.
Conclusions
- The study concludes that a subset of equine sarcoids does harbour BPV-1 DNA in a complex with the major capsid protein L1, which could offer significant insights into the sarcoid formation process and potentially contribute towards developing new treatment approaches.
Cite This Article
APA
Brandt S, Haralambus R, Shafti-Keramat S, Steinborn R, Stanek C, Kirnbauer R.
(2008).
A subset of equine sarcoids harbours BPV-1 DNA in a complex with L1 major capsid protein.
Virology, 375(2), 433-441.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.virol.2008.02.014 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Equine Biotechnology Unit (EBU), Equine Centre, Veterinary University Vienna, Vienna, Austria. sabine.brandt@vu-wien.ac.at
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Antibodies, Viral
- Biopsy
- Bovine papillomavirus 1 / genetics
- Bovine papillomavirus 1 / isolation & purification
- Bovine papillomavirus 1 / metabolism
- Capsid Proteins / immunology
- Capsid Proteins / metabolism
- DNA, Viral / isolation & purification
- Horse Diseases / pathology
- Horse Diseases / virology
- Horses
- Papillomavirus Infections / pathology
- Papillomavirus Infections / virology
- Polymerase Chain Reaction / methods
- Sarcoidosis / pathology
- Sarcoidosis / veterinary
- Sarcoidosis / virology
- Skin / pathology
- Skin Neoplasms / virology
- Virion / genetics
- Virion / isolation & purification
- Virion / metabolism
Citations
This article has been cited 15 times.- Jindra C, Hainisch EK, Brandt S. Immunotherapy of Equine Sarcoids-From Early Approaches to Innovative Vaccines. Vaccines (Basel) 2023 Mar 30;11(4).
- Hainisch EK, Jindra C, Kirnbauer R, Brandt S. Papillomavirus-like Particles in Equine Medicine. Viruses 2023 Jan 25;15(2).
- Hainisch EK, Jindra C, Reicher P, Miglinci L, Brodesser DM, Brandt S. Bovine Papillomavirus Type 1 or 2 Virion-Infected Primary Fibroblasts Constitute a Near-Natural Equine Sarcoid Model. Viruses 2022 Nov 28;14(12).
- Gysens L, Vanmechelen B, Haspeslagh M, Maes P, Martens A. New approach for genomic characterisation of equine sarcoid-derived BPV-1/-2 using nanopore-based sequencing. Virol J 2022 Jan 6;19(1):8.
- Jindra C, Hainisch EK, Rümmele A, Wolschek M, Muster T, Brandt S. Influenza virus vector iNS1 expressing bovine papillomavirus 1 (BPV1) antigens efficiently induces tumour regression in equine sarcoid patients. PLoS One 2021;16(11):e0260155.
- Jindra C, Kamjunke AK, Jones S, Brandt S. Screening for bovine papillomavirus type 13 (BPV13) in a European population of sarcoid-bearing equids. Equine Vet J 2021 Aug 30;54(4):662-9.
- Savini F, Gallina L, Prosperi A, Puleio R, Lavazza A, Di Marco P, Tumino S, Moreno A, Lelli D, Guercio A, Scagliarini A. Bovine Papillomavirus 1 Gets Out of the Flock: Detection in an Ovine Wart in Sicily. Pathogens 2020 May 30;9(6).
- Gallina L, Savini F, Casà G, Bertoletti I, Bianchi A, Gibelli LR, Lelli D, Lavazza A, Scagliarini A. Epitheliotropic Infections in Wildlife Ruminants From the Central Alps and Stelvio National Park. Front Vet Sci 2020;7:229.
- Savini F, Gallina L, Mazza F, Mariella J, Castagnetti C, Scagliarini A. Molecular Detection of Bovine Papillomavirus DNA in the Placenta and Blood of Healthy Mares and Respective Foals. Vet Sci 2019 Feb 6;6(1).
- Wilson AD, Hicks C. Both tumour cells and infiltrating T-cells in equine sarcoids express FOXP3 associated with an immune-supressed cytokine microenvironment. Vet Res 2016 May 9;47(1):55.
- Trewby H, Ayele G, Borzacchiello G, Brandt S, Campo MS, Del Fava C, Marais J, Leonardi L, Vanselow B, Biek R, Nasir L. Analysis of the long control region of bovine papillomavirus type 1 associated with sarcoids in equine hosts indicates multiple cross-species transmission events and phylogeographical structure. J Gen Virol 2014 Dec;95(Pt 12):2748-2756.
- Hainisch EK, Brandt S, Shafti-Keramat S, Van den Hoven R, Kirnbauer R. Safety and immunogenicity of BPV-1 L1 virus-like particles in a dose-escalation vaccination trial in horses. Equine Vet J 2012 Jan;44(1):107-11.
- Hartl B, Hainisch EK, Shafti-Keramat S, Kirnbauer R, Corteggio A, Borzacchiello G, Tober R, Kainzbauer C, Pratscher B, Brandt S. Inoculation of young horses with bovine papillomavirus type 1 virions leads to early infection of PBMCs prior to pseudo-sarcoid formation. J Gen Virol 2011 Oct;92(Pt 10):2437-2445.
- Cutarelli A, Buonavoglia A, Fusco G, Pellicanò R, Napoletano M, Brandt S, Roperto S. Accurate identification of bovine deltapapillomavirus in equine sarcoids by ddPCR. Sci Rep 2025 Aug 11;15(1):29414.
- Monod A, Koch C, Jindra C, Haspeslagh M, Howald D, Wenker C, Gerber V, Rottenberg S, Hahn K. CRISPR/Cas9-Mediated Targeting of BPV-1-Transformed Primary Equine Sarcoid Fibroblasts. Viruses 2023 Sep 17;15(9).
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