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Archives of virology1995; 140(2); 245-258; doi: 10.1007/BF01309860

A type-specific serological test to distinguish antibodies to equine herpesviruses 4 and 1.

Abstract: We describe a type-specific ELISA, which distinguishes antibody to equine herpesvirus 4 (EHV4; equine rhinopneumonitis) and EHV1 (equine abortion virus) thereby identifying horses that have been infected with either or both of these antigenically related viruses. The antigens used are parts of the EHV4 and EHV1 glycoprotein G (gG) homologues expressed in E. coli as fusion proteins [Crabb and Studdert, 1993: J Virol 67: 6332-6338). The expressed proteins comprise corresponding regions of the gG molecules that are highly divergent and encompass strong, typespecific epitopes. Plasma samples from 97 Thoroughbred and 174 Standardbred horses were tested, all of which were unvaccinated. All horses were strongly EHV4 ELISA positive while 30% were EHV1 ELISA positive. The type-specificity of the EHV1 gG antigen was tested in cross-absorption experiments and it was found that 96% (66 of 69) of EHV1 ELISA positive horses were true EHV1 antibody positives. It was also shown that 100% (26 of 26) horses known to have been exposed to EHV1, either by infection or immunisation with EHV1, had significant levels of antibody against the EHV1 gG antigen (i.e., all horses recognised the EHV1 epitope(s) contained within this molecule). Maintenance of EHV1 gG antibody was examined by testing sera obtained from mares four years after confirmed EHV1 abortion. Seven out of 10 of these mares remained EHV1 ELISA positive. In summary, the ELISA is highly specific and is sufficiently sensitive to detect all horses previously infected with EHV4 and most previously infected with EHV1.
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Publication Date: 1995-01-01 PubMed ID: 7710353DOI: 10.1007/BF01309860Google Scholar: Lookup
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  • Comparative Study
  • Journal Article
  • Research Support
  • Non-U.S. Gov't

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This research introduces a unique testing method known as Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA), which identifies horses that have been infected with either Equine Herpesvirus 4 (EHV4) or EHV1. The test uses specific antigens associated with these viruses and proves to be highly effective in differentiating between the two infections.

Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA)

This study illustrates the development of a type-specific ELISA. This tool significantly helps in distinguishing antibodies to equine herpesviruses 4 (EHV4) and 1 (EHV1).

  • ELISA allows researchers to identify if horses have been infected with either of these antigenically similar viruses.
  • The specific antigens used for the ELISA are parts of EHV4 and EHV1 glycoprotein G (gG) homologues.
  • These are expressed in E. coli as fusion proteins, giving them the ability to facilitate the differentiating process.

Studied Horses and Test Results

In the study, a mix of Thoroughbred and Standardbred horses were involved.

  • The researchers ran tests on 97 Thoroughbred and 174 Standardbred horses, and all were found to be strongly EHV4 ELISA positive while 30% were EHV1 ELISA positive.
  • These horses were chosen wisely, considering they were all unvaccinated, which removes the influence of any vaccine-induced antibodies.

Relevance and Effectiveness of the Test

The researchers also examined the specificity and sensitivity of the ELISA tool.

  • The type-specificity of the EHV1 gG antigen was tested in cross-absorption experiments.
  • 96% of EHV1 ELISA positive horses were found to be genuine EHV1 antibody positives, highlighting the reliability of the ELISA tool.
  • Maintenance of EHV1 gG antibody was examined by testing the sera obtained from mares four years after a confirmed EHV1 abortion. Seven out of 10 mares remained EHV1 ELISA positive.
  • This information reflects the persistency of these antibodies over time, crucial for understanding the pathogenesis and long-term immune response to the EHV1.

In conclusion, the ELISA tool devised in this research is precise and sensitive enough to detect all horses previously infected with EHV4, and most previously infected with EHV1. It has the potential to substantially improve EHV disease management and prevention strategies.

Cite This Article

APA
Crabb BS, MacPherson CM, Reubel GH, Browning GF, Studdert MJ, Drummer HE. (1995). A type-specific serological test to distinguish antibodies to equine herpesviruses 4 and 1. Arch Virol, 140(2), 245-258. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01309860

Publication

Archives of virology
ISSN: 0304-8608
NlmUniqueID: 7506870
Country: Austria
Language: English
Volume: 140
Issue: 2
Pages: 245-258

Researcher Affiliations

Crabb, B S
  • Centre for Equine Virology, School of Veterinary Science, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
MacPherson, C M
    Reubel, G H
      Browning, G F
        Studdert, M J
          Drummer, H E

            MeSH Terms

            • Animals
            • Antibodies, Viral / blood
            • Base Sequence
            • DNA, Viral / blood
            • Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay / methods
            • Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay / veterinary
            • Female
            • Herpesviridae Infections / diagnosis
            • Herpesviridae Infections / veterinary
            • Herpesvirus 1, Equid / immunology
            • Herpesvirus 1, Equid / isolation & purification
            • Horse Diseases / diagnosis
            • Horses
            • Leukocytes / virology
            • Molecular Sequence Data
            • Polymerase Chain Reaction
            • Recombinant Fusion Proteins / immunology
            • Sensitivity and Specificity
            • Viral Envelope Proteins / immunology

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