Ability of the fungus Duddingtonia flagrans to adapt to the cyathostomin egg-output by spreading chlamydospores.
Abstract: The analysis of the capability of the nematode trapping-fungus Duddingtonia flagrans to adapt to the cyathostomin egg-output in horses was evaluated. Fecal samples from 196 pasturing autochthonous Pura Raza Galega horses were collected from the rectum and then divided according to the egg-output into three groups: ≤ 300, 310-800 and >800 eggs per gram feces. Four doses of chlamydospores (0.1, 0.2, 0.4 and 0.8 × 10(6)/100g feces) were directly spread onto fecal pats on the ground, remaining one without treatment as control. Fecal pats confirmed the presence of gastrointestinal nematode larvae belonging to strongylid cyathostomins (Cyathostomum and Gyalocephalus spp). An overall 94% (95% CI 91, 97) percentage of reduction was obtained, and an increase in the activity of the trapping-fungi simultaneously to the rising in the number of cyathostomin eggs and larvae in the coprocultures was detected. A significantly highest reduction of the cyathostomin L3 in the coprocultures with more than 800 EPG was found, which indicates that Df trapping activity is larvae nematode density-dependant. The present research showed the high biological activity of D. flagrans against nematode larvae can adjust to the cyathostomin egg-output, and underlines its efficacy as a practical method for the control of these parasites in grazing horses.
Copyright © 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Publication Date: 2011-02-25 PubMed ID: 21402449DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2011.02.014Google Scholar: Lookup
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- Journal Article
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- Non-U.S. Gov't
Summary
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The research focuses on the ability of the fungus Duddingtonia flagrans to adapt to the presence of cyathostomin eggs in horse fecal matter and its potential use in controlling these parasites in grazing horses.
Experimental Design
In the study:
- 196 fecal samples were collected from pasturing Pura Raza Galega horses. These samples were then divided into three groups based on the number of cyathostomin eggs present: ≤ 300, 310-800, and >800 eggs per gram of feces.
- Different doses of chlamydospores (a type of fungal spore) were spread directly onto the fecal samples.
- An untreated sample was also kept as a control.
Findings
- The fecal samples contained gastrointestinal nematode larvae from strongylid cyathostomins (specifically Cyathostomum and Gyalocephalus spp).
- An overall reduction of 94% was observed in the presence of larvae alongside an increase in the activity of the trapping-fungi.
- The highest reduction of cyathostomin L3 (a stage of larval development) was found in samples with more than 800 eggs per gram of feces.
Interpretation
- The reduction in larvae and increase in fungal activity indicated a response of the fungus Duddingtonia flagrans to the presence of the cyathostomin eggs.
- The greatest reduction in L3 larvae in the samples with the highest egg count suggests that the trapping activity of D. flagrans is dependent on the density of the larval nematodes, that is, the more larvae are present, the more effective the fungus.
Implication
- The research emphasizes the potential of D. flagrans as a method for controlling cyathostomin parasites in horses, as it has demonstrated the capacity to adjust its activity based on the density of cyathostomin eggs and larvae present in the feces.
- Due to its natural and non-invasive properties, this biocontrol agent could offer a practical and safe alternative to conventional chemical anthelmintics, thereby mitigating potential side effects and environmental implications associated with their use.
Cite This Article
APA
Paz-Silva A, Francisco I, Valero-Coss RO, Cortiñas FJ, Sánchez JA, Francisco R, Arias M, Suárez JL, López-Arellano ME, Sánchez-Andrade R, de Gives PM.
(2011).
Ability of the fungus Duddingtonia flagrans to adapt to the cyathostomin egg-output by spreading chlamydospores.
Vet Parasitol, 179(1-3), 277-282.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetpar.2011.02.014 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Animal Pathology Department, Faculty of Veterinary, University of Santiago de Compostela, 27002-Lugo, Spain. adolfo.paz@usc.es
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Ascomycota / physiology
- Climate
- Feces / microbiology
- Feces / parasitology
- Horse Diseases / parasitology
- Horses
- Nematoda / microbiology
- Nematoda / physiology
- Nematode Infections / parasitology
- Nematode Infections / veterinary
- Oviposition
- Spores, Fungal / physiology
- Time Factors
Citations
This article has been cited 7 times.- Arroyo-Balán F, Landeros-Jaime F, González-Garduño R, Cazapal-Monteiro C, Arias-Vázquez MS, Aguilar-Tipacamú G, Esquivel-Naranjo EU, Mosqueda J. High Predatory Capacity of a Novel Arthrobotrys oligospora Variety on the Ovine Gastrointestinal Nematode Haemonchus contortus (Rhabditomorpha: Trichostrongylidae).. Pathogens 2021 Jun 29;10(7).
- Vieira ÍS, Oliveira IC, Freitas SG, Campos AK, Araújo JV. Arthrobotrys cladodes and Pochonia chlamydosporia in the biological control of nematodiosis in extensive bovine production system.. Parasitology 2020 May;147(6):699-705.
- Palomero AM, Hernández JA, Cazapal-Monteiro CF, Balán FA, Silva MI, Paz-Silva A, Sánchez-Andrade R, Vázquez MSA. Implementation of Biological Control to the Integrated Control of Strongyle Infection among Wild Captive Equids in a Zoological Park.. Biomed Res Int 2018;2018:4267683.
- Hernández JÁ, Sánchez-Andrade R, Cazapal-Monteiro CF, Arroyo FL, Sanchís JM, Paz-Silva A, Arias MS. A combined effort to avoid strongyle infection in horses in an oceanic climate region: rotational grazing and parasiticidal fungi.. Parasit Vectors 2018 Apr 12;11(1):240.
- Sun ZB, Zhang J, Sun MH, Li SD. Identification of genes related to chlamydospore formation in Clonostachys rosea 67-1.. Microbiologyopen 2019 Jan;8(1):e00624.
- da Silva ME, Braga FR, de Gives PM, Uriostegui MA, Reyes M, Soares FE, de Carvalho LM, Rodrigues FB, de Araújo JV. Efficacy of Clonostachys rosea and Duddingtonia flagrans in Reducing the Haemonchus contortus Infective Larvae.. Biomed Res Int 2015;2015:474879.
- Arias MS, Cazapal-Monteiro CF, Suárez J, Miguélez S, Francisco I, Arroyo FL, Suárez JL, Paz-Silva A, Sánchez-Andrade R, Mendoza de Gives P. Mixed production of filamentous fungal spores for preventing soil-transmitted helminth zoonoses: a preliminary analysis.. Biomed Res Int 2013;2013:567876.
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