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The Journal of general virology2003; 84(Pt 1); 93-97; doi: 10.1099/vir.0.18864-0

Absence of viral antigens on the surface of equine herpesvirus-1-infected peripheral blood mononuclear cells: a strategy to avoid complement-mediated lysis.

Abstract: Equine herpesvirus-1 (EHV-1) may cause abortion in vaccination- and infection-immune horses. EHV-1-infected peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) play an important role in virus immune evasion. The mechanisms by which infected PBMCs can avoid destruction by EHV-1-specific antibody and equine complement were examined. The majority of EHV-1-infected PBMCs (68.6 %) lacked surface expression of viral antigens and these cells were not susceptible to complement-mediated lysis. In infected PBMCs with surface expression of viral antigens, 63 % showed focal surface expression, whereas 37 % showed general surface expression. General surface expression rendered infected PBMCs susceptible to lysis by antibody and complement (from 5.4 to 31.2 % lysed cells depending on the concentration of antibody and complement). Infected PBMCs with focal surface expression showed significant lysis only in the presence of high concentrations of antibody and complement. Thus, the absence of surface expression protects infected PBMCs against complement-mediated lysis.
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Publication Date: 2003-01-21 PubMed ID: 12533704DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.18864-0Google Scholar: Lookup
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  • Journal Article

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research article explores how the equine herpesvirus-1 (EHV-1) avoids being destroyed by horses’ immune systems, primarily by not displaying viral antigens on the surfaces of infected peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), making these infected cells unsusceptible to attack.

Experiment Setup

  • The researchers aimed to examine how infected PBMCs manage to evade destruction from EHV-1 specific antibodies and equine complement, a part of the immune system that aids (or complements) the ability of antibodies to clear pathogens from an organism.
  • They infected PBMCs with the EHV-1 virus and analysed them to determine whether viral antigens were being expressed on their surface, which would typically flag them for destruction by the immune system.

Findings

  • They found that the majority (68.6%) of the EHV-1-infected PBMCs did not express viral antigens on their surface, hence making them invulnerable to complement-mediated lysis, a type of cell destruction.
  • Of the PBMCs that did have surface expression of viral antigens, 63% showed focal expression (limited to a certain point or region on the cell surface) and 37% showed general expression (spread all over the cell surface).
  • It was demonstrated that general surface expression made the infected PBMCs susceptible to lysis by antibodies and complement, with the percentage of cell lysis ranging from 5.4% to 31.2%, depending on the concentration of the antibody and complement.
  • Infected PBMCs with focal surface expression only showed significant lysis in the presence of high concentrations of antibodies and complement.

Conclusion

  • The key takeaway from this study is the discovery of a survival mechanism employed by EHV-1. By not showing antigen markers on infected cells, the virus can potentially evade the immune system, which explains why it can cause disease in horses even after vaccination or previous infection.
  • Understanding this mechanism could be crucial in the development of effective treatments or vaccines against EHV-1, and perhaps other viruses that employ similar evasive strategies.

Cite This Article

APA
van der Meulen KM, Nauwynck HJ, Pensaert MB. (2003). Absence of viral antigens on the surface of equine herpesvirus-1-infected peripheral blood mononuclear cells: a strategy to avoid complement-mediated lysis. J Gen Virol, 84(Pt 1), 93-97. https://doi.org/10.1099/vir.0.18864-0

Publication

The Journal of general virology
ISSN: 0022-1317
NlmUniqueID: 0077340
Country: England
Language: English
Volume: 84
Issue: Pt 1
Pages: 93-97

Researcher Affiliations

van der Meulen, Karen M
  • Laboratory of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent UniversitySalisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium.
Nauwynck, Hans J
  • Laboratory of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent UniversitySalisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium.
Pensaert, Maurice B
  • Laboratory of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent UniversitySalisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium.

MeSH Terms

  • Animals
  • Antibodies, Viral / immunology
  • Antibody-Dependent Cell Cytotoxicity
  • Antigens, Viral / immunology
  • Antigens, Viral / metabolism
  • Cells, Cultured
  • Complement System Proteins / immunology
  • Herpesviridae Infections / immunology
  • Herpesviridae Infections / veterinary
  • Herpesviridae Infections / virology
  • Herpesvirus 1, Equid / immunology
  • Horse Diseases / immunology
  • Horse Diseases / virology
  • Horses
  • Leukocytes, Mononuclear / virology

Citations

This article has been cited 15 times.
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    doi: 10.3390/v17070980pubmed: 40733597google scholar: lookup
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  15. Portaels J, Van Crombrugge E, Van Den Broeck W, Lagrou K, Laval K, Nauwynck H. Aspergillus Fumigatus Spore Proteases Alter the Respiratory Mucosa Architecture and Facilitate Equine Herpesvirus 1 Infection. Viruses 2024 Jul 27;16(8).
    doi: 10.3390/v16081208pubmed: 39205182google scholar: lookup
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