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Acceleration of second and fourth metatarsal fracture healing with recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2/calcium phosphate cement in horses.
Abstract: To compare the efficacy of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2)/calcium phosphate (CP) to autogenous cancellous bone graft (CBG) and to no treatment on bone healing, in surgically induced osteotomies and ostectomies of the accessory metatarsal bones in an equine model. Methods: Experimental. Methods: Adult horses (n=9). Methods: Segmental ostectomies of the second metatarsal bone (MT2) and osteotomies of the fourth metatarsal bone (MT4) were performed bilaterally in 9 horses. There were a total of 35 defects (1 MT4 was previously fractured) created and supplemented randomly either with no treatment (untreated control), rhBMP-2/CP cement, or matrix (CPC or CPM), or CBG. Radiography was performed every 2 weeks until study endpoint at 12 weeks. After euthanasia, bone healing was evaluated using radiography, mechanical testing, and histology. Data were analyzed with ANOVA followed by the Duncan's Multiple Range Test or nonparametric analyses. Results: At 12 weeks, radiographic scores for union were significantly greater for the rhBMP-2 (P<.0001) and CBG (P=.004) groups compared with the untreated control group, for both MT2 ostectomies and MT4 osteotomies. The rhBMP-2 treated MT2 had greater maximum torque to failure in torsion than CBG and control limbs at 12 weeks (P=.011). Histologic analysis demonstrated increased bone formation and more mature bone at the ostectomy site for MT2 in the rhBMP-2 and CBG groups compared with the untreated control group. Conclusions: Injection of rhBMP-2/CP into surgically induced ostectomies and osteotomies of the accessory metatarsal bones might accelerate early bone healing in the horse. Conclusions: RhBMP-2/CP may be as effective if not superior to CBG as an adjuvant treatment to accelerate healing of bone defects.
Publication Date: 2009-01-13 PubMed ID: 19134087DOI: 10.1111/j.1532-950X.2008.00431.xGoogle Scholar: Lookup The Equine Research Bank provides access to a large database of publicly available scientific literature. Inclusion in the Research Bank does not imply endorsement of study methods or findings by Mad Barn.
- Journal Article
- Research Support
- Non-U.S. Gov't
Summary
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This study investigates the effectiveness of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2) and calcium phosphate (CP) in accelerating the healing of bone fractures in horses, compared to the conventional treatment of autogenous cancellous bone graft (CBG) and no treatment. Results showed that rhBMP-2/CP significantly improved the healing process, potentially outperforming CBG treatments.
Methodology
- The study made use of an experimental design performed on nine adult horses.
- Surgical procedures were performed on the horses to simulate bone injuries, specifically on the second (MT2) and fourth metatarsal bone (MT4).
- A total of 35 defects were created and randomly treated with either no treatment, rhBMP-2/CP, or CBG.
- Progress was monitored through radiography examinations every two weeks until the endpoint of the study at the 12-week mark.
- Upon ending the study, the subjects were euthanized and bone healing was reviewed using radiography, mechanical testing, and histology.
Results
- By the 12th week, radiographic scores for bone union were significantly higher for rhBMP-2 and CBG groups in comparison with the untreated group.
- The rhBMP-2 treated bone showed a higher torque to failure resistance, hinting at stronger bone formation.
- From histologic study, both the rhBMP-2 and CBG-treated bones were found to have increased bone formation and more mature bone at the surgery site compared to the untreated control group.
Conclusions
- The study concludes that injection of rhBMP-2/CP into surgically induced bone defects could potentially speed up early bone healing in horses.
- Also, rhBMP-2/CP might be as effective or even better than CBG as an adjunct treatment to speed up the healing of bone defects.
Overall, these results suggest new possibilities for healing treatment in equine orthopedic surgery by employing rhBMP-2/CP, potentially providing an effective alternative to the conventional CBG method.
Cite This Article
APA
Perrier M, Lu Y, Nemke B, Kobayashi H, Peterson A, Markel M.
(2009).
Acceleration of second and fourth metatarsal fracture healing with recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2/calcium phosphate cement in horses.
Vet Surg, 37(7), 648-655.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-950X.2008.00431.x Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Comparative Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Department of Surgical Sciences and Medical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine and the Division of Sports Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Biomechanical Phenomena
- Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2
- Bone Morphogenetic Proteins / therapeutic use
- Calcium Phosphates
- Female
- Fracture Healing / drug effects
- Fracture Healing / physiology
- Horses / injuries
- Horses / surgery
- Male
- Metatarsal Bones / injuries
- Metatarsal Bones / surgery
- Osteotomy / veterinary
- Recombinant Proteins / therapeutic use
- Transforming Growth Factor beta / therapeutic use
- Treatment Outcome
Citations
This article has been cited 8 times.- Grzeskowiak RM, Alghazali KM, Hecht S, Donnell RL, Doherty TJ, Smith CK, Anderson DE, Biris AS, Adair HS. Influence of a novel scaffold composed of polyurethane, hydroxyapatite, and decellularized bone particles on the healing of fourth metacarpal defects in mares. Vet Surg 2021 Jul;50(5):1117-1127.
- Ribitsch I, Oreff GL, Jenner F. Regenerative Medicine for Equine Musculoskeletal Diseases. Animals (Basel) 2021 Jan 19;11(1).
- Kakuta A, Tanaka T, Chazono M, Komaki H, Kitasato S, Inagaki N, Akiyama S, Marumo K. Effects of micro-porosity and local BMP-2 administration on bioresorption of β-TCP and new bone formation. Biomater Res 2019;23:12.
- Wang S, Yang H, Yang J, Kang J, Wang Q, Song Y. [Experiment of porous calcium phosphate/bone matrix gelatin composite cement for repairing lumbar vertebral bone defect in rabbit]. Zhongguo Xiu Fu Chong Jian Wai Ke Za Zhi 2017 Dec 15;31(12):1462-1467.
- Ball AN, Donahue SW, Wojda SJ, McIlwraith CW, Kawcak CE, Ehrhart N, Goodrich LR. The challenges of promoting osteogenesis in segmental bone defects and osteoporosis. J Orthop Res 2018 Jun;36(6):1559-1572.
- Dorozhkin SV. Self-setting calcium orthophosphate formulations. J Funct Biomater 2013 Nov 12;4(4):209-311.
- Seo JP, Tsuzuki N, Haneda S, Yamada K, Furuoka H, Tabata Y, Sasaki N. Osteoinductivity of gelatin/β-tricalcium phosphate sponges loaded with different concentrations of mesenchymal stem cells and bone morphogenetic protein-2 in an equine bone defect model. Vet Res Commun 2014 Mar;38(1):73-80.
- Tsuzuki N, Seo JP, Yamada K, Haneda S, Furuoka H, Tabata Y, Sasaki N. The effect of a gelatin β-tricalcium phosphate sponge loaded with mesenchymal stem cells (MSC), bone morphogenic protein-2, and platelet-rich plasma (PRP) on equine articular cartilage defect. Can Vet J 2013 Jun;54(6):573-80.
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