Acetaminophen as a marker of gastric emptying in ponies.
Abstract: Gastric emptying was evaluated in ponies using the acetaminophen (AP) method. Fifteen minutes after i.v. administration of metoclopramide, erythromycin, yohimbine, atropine or saline, the ponies were given AP by stomach tube. Blood samples for AP analysis were collected at baseline and 15, 30, 45, 60, 75, 90, 105 and 120 min after AP administration. Time to reach peak serum concentration (Tmax), maximum serum concentration (Cmax) and area under the AP serum concentration vs. time curve (AUC) were determined for each treatment group. In the control group, Tmax was 31 min and this decreased significantly (P < 0.05) following the administration of metoclopramide. Atropine significantly increased Tmax and decreased Cmax and AUC. Yohimbine significantly increased AUC. Erythromycin did not significantly change any parameter. This study indicates that acetaminophen can be used to evaluate gastric emptying in ponies. The method is easy to perform and is minimally invasive. Metoclopramide stimulated gastric emptying of liquid in healthy, fasting ponies. Atropine significantly delayed, while erythromycin had little effect on, gastric emptying. Yohimbine increased the cumulative absorption of AP.
Publication Date: 1998-08-15 PubMed ID: 9705120DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-3306.1998.tb04109.xGoogle Scholar: Lookup
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- Journal Article
- Research Support
- Non-U.S. Gov't
Summary
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This study investigates the use of acetaminophen as a method for evaluating gastric emptying in ponies, by testing its response to various substances such as metoclopramide, erythromycin, yohimbine, and atropine.
Methodology
- The study was conducted on ponies where their gastric emptying rate was evaluated using the acetaminophen (AP) method.
- Different substances such as metoclopramide, erythromycin, yohimbine, atropine, or saline were administered intravenously, followed by AP given using a stomach tube.
- Blood samples were taken at specified intervals for AP analysis from baseline to 120 min post-AP administration.
- Different parameters such as time to reach peak serum concentration (Tmax), maximum serum concentration (Cmax) and area under the AP serum concentration vs. time curve (AUC) were determined for each treatment group.
Key Findings
- The control group had a Tmax of 31 minutes. This significantly decreased post-administration of metoclopramide, implying it stimulated gastric emptying of liquid.
- Atropine increased Tmax and decreased Cmax and AUC, implying it delayed gastric emptying.
- Yohimbine significantly increased AUC, suggesting it increased the cumulative absorption of AP.
- Erythromycin had no significant effect on any parameter, suggesting it had little to no impact on gastric emptying.
Conclusions
- The findings suggest that acetaminophen can be effectively used to evaluate gastric emptying in ponies.
- This method is both easy to perform and minimally invasive, making it ideal for evaluation and treatment.
- Metoclopramide was found to stimulate gastric emptying of liquid, atropine delayed it, while erythromycin had little effect on it.
- On the other hand, yohimbine was found to enhance the absorption of AP.
Cite This Article
APA
Doherty TJ, Andrews FM, Provenza MK, Frazier DL.
(1998).
Acetaminophen as a marker of gastric emptying in ponies.
Equine Vet J, 30(4), 349-351.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2042-3306.1998.tb04109.x Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Tennessee, College of Veterinary Medicine, Knoxville 37901-1071, USA.
MeSH Terms
- Acetaminophen / blood
- Acetaminophen / pharmacokinetics
- Analgesics, Non-Narcotic / blood
- Analgesics, Non-Narcotic / pharmacokinetics
- Animals
- Anti-Bacterial Agents / pharmacology
- Antiemetics / pharmacology
- Area Under Curve
- Atropine / pharmacology
- Erythromycin / pharmacology
- Gastric Emptying / drug effects
- Gastric Emptying / physiology
- Horses / physiology
- Metoclopramide / pharmacology
- Parasympatholytics / pharmacology
- Sympatholytics / pharmacology
- Yohimbine / pharmacology
Citations
This article has been cited 6 times.- Patton ME, Andrews FM, Bogers SH, Wong D, McKenzie HC 3rd, Werre SR, Byron CR. Effects of Bit Chewing on Gastric Emptying, Small Intestinal Transit, and Orocecal Transit Times in Clinically Normal Horses.. Animals (Basel) 2023 Aug 4;13(15).
- Gold JR, Grubb T, Court MH, Villarino NF. Pharmacokinetics of acetaminophen after a single Oral administration of 20 or 40 mg/kg to 7-9 Day-old foals.. Front Vet Sci 2023;10:1198940.
- Martinez MN, Papich MG, Fahmy R. Impact of gastrointestinal differences in veterinary species on the oral drug solubility, in vivo dissolution, and formulation of veterinary therapeutics.. ADMET DMPK 2022;10(1):1-25.
- Elbadawy M, Sasaki K, Miyazaki Y, Aboubakr M, Khalil WF, Shimoda M. Oral pharmacokinetics of acetaminophen to evaluate gastric emptying profiles of Shiba goats.. J Vet Med Sci 2015 Oct;77(10):1331-4.
- Doherty TJ, Andrews FM, Abraha TW, Osborne D, Frazier DL. Metoclopramide ameliorates the effects of endotoxin on gastric emptying of acetaminophen in horses.. Can J Vet Res 1999 Jan;63(1):37-40.
- Valk N, Doherty TJ, Blackford JT, Abraha TW, Frazier DL. Phenylbutazone prevents the endotoxin-induced delay in gastric emptying in horses.. Can J Vet Res 1998 Jul;62(3):214-7.
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