Acholeplasma equirhinis sp. nov. isolated from respiratory tract of horse (Equus caballus) and Mycoplasma procyoni sp. nov. isolated from oral cavity of raccoon (Procyon lotor).
Abstract: We describe two novel species of Acholeplasma sp. strain N93 and Mycoplasma sp. strain LR5794 which were isolated from the nasopharynx of a horse from the United Kingdom and from the oral cavity of a North American raccoon from Canada, respectively. These strains were phenotypically and genetically characterized and compared to other established Mycoplasma and Acholeplasma species. Both strains are facultative anaerobes, resistant to penicillin, and produce acid from glucose but do not hydrolyze arginine and urea. Both strains grew well in microaerophilic and anaerobic atmospheric conditions at 35-37 °C using PPLO (pleuropneumonia-like organisms) medium. Acholeplasma sp. N93 does not require serum for growth. Colonies of both strains showed a typical fried-egg appearance and transmission electron microscopy of bacterial cells revealed a typical mycoplasma cellular morphology. Molecular characterization included assessment of several genetic loci. The genetic analysis indicated that Acholeplasma sp. N93 and Mycoplasma sp. LR5794 were most closely related to A. hippikon and A. equifetale, and M. molare and M. lagogenitalium, respectively. However, both novel strains were genetically unique in comparison to other well-known Mycoplasma and Acholeplasma species. Based on the isolation source history, phenotypic, genotypic, and phylogenetic characteristics of these novel strains, we propose the name Acholeplasma equirhinis sp. nov. for Acholeplasma sp. isolated from the nasopharynx of a horse [the type strain is N93 (= DSM 106692 = ATCC TSD-139 = NCTC 14351)], and the name Mycoplasma procyoni sp. nov. for the Mycoplasma sp. isolated from the oral cavity of a North American raccoon [the type strain is LR5794 (= DSM 106703 = ATCC TSD-141 = NCTC 14309)].
Publication Date: 2019-12-11 PubMed ID: 31828363DOI: 10.1007/s00203-019-01786-xGoogle Scholar: Lookup
The Equine Research Bank provides access to a large database of publicly available scientific literature. Inclusion in the Research Bank does not imply endorsement of study methods or findings by Mad Barn.
- Journal Article
Summary
This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.
The research presents the isolation and identification of two new bacterial species: Acholeplasma equirhinis sp. nov. from the respiratory tract of a horse in the UK and Mycoplasma procyoni sp. nov. from the oral cavity of a North American raccoon in Canada. The newly identified species exhibit distinct phenotypic and genetic traits compared to other known Mycoplasma and Acholeplasma species.
Isolation and Phenotypic Characterization
- The bacterial strains, named Acholeplasma sp. strain N93 from a horse and Mycoplasma sp. strain LR5794 from a raccoon, were both isolated and cultured in laboratory conditions.
- The characterization of both strains was thorough, assessing their growth patterns, metabolic activity, and resistance to penicillin. Both strains were found to be facultative anaerobes, implying they can adapt to environments with or without oxygen.
- Both of them produced acid from glucose but did not hydrolyze arginine and urea. This information provides insight into the metabolic capabilities of these bacteria.
- Both strains were found to grow well under microaerophilic and anaerobic conditions at temperatures of 35-37 degrees Celsius, indicating their preferred growth conditions.
- One unique feature of Acholeplasma strain N93 was that it did not need serum (a blood component) for growth.
Morphological and Molecular Characterization
- Under microscopic evaluation, colonies of both strains displayed a ‘fried-egg’ appearance which is characteristic of mycoplasma bacteria.
- Further examination through transmission electron microscopy revealed the typical cellular morphology of mycoplasma.
- Genetic analysis of several loci of these new species showed the closest relation to specific established Mycoplasma and Acholeplasma species (A. hippikon and A. equifetale for Acholeplasma N93; M. molare and M. lagogenitalium for Mycoplasma LR5794).
- However, despite these genetic similarities, both novel isolates were unique, having certain genetic markers that differentiated them from previously known Mycoplasma and Acholeplasma species. This genetic uniqueness was a key reason for their classification as new species.
Named Novel Species
- Considering the distinct genetic and phenotypic characteristics along with their specific isolation sources, the researchers proposed naming the species isolated from the horse nasopharynx as Acholeplasma equirhinis sp. nov. and the one isolated from the raccoon oral cavity as Mycoplasma procyoni sp. nov.
- These names represent not only the animals they were found in, but also their clear distinction from previously described species in the Mycoplasma and Acholeplasma genera.
Cite This Article
APA
Volokhov DV, Gao Y, Davidson MK, Chizhikov VE.
(2019).
Acholeplasma equirhinis sp. nov. isolated from respiratory tract of horse (Equus caballus) and Mycoplasma procyoni sp. nov. isolated from oral cavity of raccoon (Procyon lotor).
Arch Microbiol, 202(2), 411-420.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00203-019-01786-x Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Laboratory of Method Development, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 10903 New Hampshire Avenue, Silver Spring, MD, 20993-0002, USA. dmitriy.volokhov@fda.hhs.gov.
- Laboratory of Respiratory Viral Diseases, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 10903 New Hampshire Avenue, Silver Spring, MD, 20993-0002, USA.
- Center for Veterinary Medicine, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 8401 Muirkirk Rd, Laurel, MD, 20708, USA.
- Laboratory of Method Development, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 10903 New Hampshire Avenue, Silver Spring, MD, 20993-0002, USA.
MeSH Terms
- Acholeplasma / classification
- Acholeplasma / genetics
- Acholeplasma / isolation & purification
- Animals
- Canada
- DNA, Bacterial / genetics
- Horses / microbiology
- Mouth / microbiology
- Mycoplasma / classification
- Mycoplasma / genetics
- Mycoplasma / isolation & purification
- Nasopharynx / microbiology
- Phylogeny
- RNA, Ribosomal, 16S / genetics
- Raccoons / microbiology
- Sequence Analysis, DNA
- United Kingdom
Citations
This article has been cited 5 times.- Turnbull JD, Dicks J, Gurung S, McGregor H, Alexander S. Notification List of Bacterial Strains Made Available by the United Kingdom National Collection of Type Cultures in 2021. Microbiol Resour Announc 2022 Aug 18;11(8):e0035722.
- Perdrizet UG, Hill JE, Fernando C, Sobchishin L, Misra V, Bollinger TK. Eptesipox virus-associated lesions in naturally infected big brown bats. Vet Pathol 2024 Jul;61(4):541-549.
- Trapella G, Cinti N, Parma L, De Marco A, Dell'Acqua AN, Turroni S, Rampelli S, Scicchitano D, Iuffrida L, Bonaldo A, Franzellitti S, Candela M, Palladino G. Microbiome variation at the clam-sediment interface may explain changes in local productivity of Chamelea gallina in the North Adriatic sea. BMC Microbiol 2023 Dec 19;23(1):402.
- Lawhon SD, Burbick CR, Munson E, Zapp A, Thelen E, Villaflor M. Update on Novel Taxa and Revised Taxonomic Status of Bacteria Isolated from Nondomestic Animals Described in 2018 to 2021. J Clin Microbiol 2023 Feb 22;61(2):e0142522.
- Munson E, Lawhon SD, Burbick CR, Zapp A, Villaflor M, Thelen E. An Update on Novel Taxa and Revised Taxonomic Status of Bacteria Isolated from Domestic Animals Described in 2018 to 2021. J Clin Microbiol 2023 Feb 22;61(2):e0028122.
Use Nutrition Calculator
Check if your horse's diet meets their nutrition requirements with our easy-to-use tool Check your horse's diet with our easy-to-use tool
Talk to a Nutritionist
Discuss your horse's feeding plan with our experts over a free phone consultation Discuss your horse's diet over a phone consultation
Submit Diet Evaluation
Get a customized feeding plan for your horse formulated by our equine nutritionists Get a custom feeding plan formulated by our nutritionists
