Activities of enzymes related to the malate-aspartate shuttle in the blood cells of thoroughbred horses undergoing training exercise.
Abstract: The activities of the enzymes related to the malate-aspartate shuttle, which convert cytosolic NADH into mitochondrial NADH, were measured in red and white blood cells from thoroughbred horses undergoing continuous training (race horses) and compared with those in blood cells from riding horses. The activities of malate dehydrogenase (MDH), a rate-limiting enzyme for the malate-aspartate shuttle, were significantly elevated in the white blood cells (WBC) from race horses compared with those from riding horses. There were no significant differences in the activities of the enzymes in the red blood cells between race horses and riding horses. This increase in the MDH activity in their WBC is considered to reflect the increased metabolic activity in the race horses resulting from the training.
Publication Date: 2001-10-05 PubMed ID: 11583380DOI: 10.1023/a:1017977200420Google Scholar: Lookup
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- Comparative Study
- Journal Article
Summary
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This research study investigated the enzyme activity related to the malate-aspartate shuttle in thoroughbred horses engaged in rigorous exercise during training, comparing the results to those found in riding horses.
Overview of the Malate-Aspartate Shuttle
- The malate-aspartate shuttle is a biochemical system within cells that transports electrons across the membrane of mitochondria. This is important for converting cytosolic NADH (a compound that carries electrons) into mitochondrial NADH.
- This conversion is key to the cell’s process of producing energy, specifically during aerobic metabolism where oxygen is used to convert nutrients into ATP (adenosine triphosphate), the body’s primary energy source.
Enzyme Activity in Blood Cells
- The study examined the activities of enzymes related to the malate-aspartate shuttle in the red and white blood cells of race horses compared to riding horses.
- The specific enzyme investigated was malate dehydrogenase (MDH), a rate-limiting enzyme for the malate-aspartate shuttle. A rate-limiting enzyme is one that regulates the rate of a biochemical reaction.
- The researchers found that levels of MDH were significantly higher in the white blood cells of race horses compared to riding horses. However, no significant differences in enzyme activity were observed in the red blood cells of the two groups.
Implications for Training and Metabolic Activity
- The increase in MDH activity in the white blood cells of race horses, but not in their red blood cells, implies a link between this enzymatic activity and the metabolic demands of high-intensity training.
- As such, the study suggests that the increase in MDH activity observed reflects increased metabolic activity in the race horses as a result of their training program.
- This understanding could potentially be harnessed to optimize training programs for race horses, helping to enhance their performance by more effectively managing their biochemical energy production.
Cite This Article
APA
Arai T, Takahashi M, Araki K, Washizu T.
(2001).
Activities of enzymes related to the malate-aspartate shuttle in the blood cells of thoroughbred horses undergoing training exercise.
Vet Res Commun, 25(7), 577-583.
https://doi.org/10.1023/a:1017977200420 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Division of Veterinary Biochemistry, Nippon Veterinary and Animal Science University, Musashino, Tokyo, Japan. t-arai@mtc.biglobe.ne.jp
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Blood Glucose / analysis
- Cytosol / enzymology
- Erythrocytes / enzymology
- Fatty Acids, Nonesterified / blood
- Female
- Horse Diseases
- Horses / blood
- Horses / metabolism
- Insulin / blood
- Leukocytes / enzymology
- Malate Dehydrogenase / metabolism
- Malates / metabolism
- Male
- Mitochondria / enzymology
- NAD / metabolism
- Physical Conditioning, Animal / physiology
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This article includes 13 references
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Citations
This article has been cited 6 times.- Francis RO, D'Alessandro A, Eisenberger A, Soffing M, Yeh R, Coronel E, Sheikh A, Rapido F, La Carpia F, Reisz JA, Gehrke S, Nemkov T, Thomas T, Schwartz J, Divgi C, Kessler D, Shaz BH, Ginzburg Y, Zimring JC, Spitalnik SL, Hod EA. Donor glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency decreases blood quality for transfusion. J Clin Invest 2020 May 1;130(5):2270-2285.
- D'Alessandro A, Hansen KC, Silliman CC, Moore EE, Kelher M, Banerjee A. Metabolomics of AS-5 RBC supernatants following routine storage. Vox Sang 2015 Feb;108(2):131-40.
- Li G, Lee P, Mori N, Yamamoto I, Arai T. Long term intensive exercise training leads to a higher plasma malate/lactate dehydrogenase (M/L) ratio and increased level of lipid mobilization in horses. Vet Res Commun 2012 Jun;36(2):149-55.
- Tanaka A, Urabe S, Takeguchi A, Mizutani H, Sako T, Imai S, Yoshimura I, Kimura N, Arai T. Comparison of activities of enzymes related to energy metabolism in peripheral leukocytes and livers between Holstein dairy cows and ICR mice. Vet Res Commun 2006 Jan;30(1):29-38.
- Kimura N, Yoshimura I, Sako T, Inoue A, Tadami K, Arai T. Changes in activities of enzymes related to energy metabolism in peripheral leukocytes of fattening steers. Vet Res Commun 2005 Jan;29(1):19-26.
- Washizu T, Nakamura M, Izawa N, Suzuki E, Tsuruno S, Washizu M, Nakajo S, Arai T. The activity ratio of the cytosolic MDH/LDH and the isoenzyme pattern of LDH in the peripheral leukocytes of dogs, cats and rabbits. Vet Res Commun 2002 Jul;26(5):341-6.
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