Acute neuropathogenicity with experimental infection of equine herpesvirus 9 in common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus).
Abstract: Equine herpesvirus 9 (EHV-9) is a new neurotropic equine herpesvirus which induced encephalitis in a variety of animals. However, there was no information on the susceptibility of EHV-9 in primates. Methods: To assess the infectivity of EHV-9, four common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus) were inoculated by the nasal route with 10(6) plaque-forming units of EHV-9. Conclusions: All of the inoculated animals exhibited various neurological signs progressing to collapse. Histologically, the affected animals had severe encephalitis characterized by neuronal degeneration and necrosis with intranuclear inclusion bodies, which extended from the olfactory bulb to the rhinencephalon and piriform lobe. Immunohistochemistry revealed EHV-9 antigens in degenerating neuronal cells. The nasal cavity had severe necrotizing rhinitis with prominent intra-nuclear inclusion bodies in the olfactory mucosa. These findings indicate that the marmosets are susceptible to EHV-9.
Publication Date: 2007-11-03 PubMed ID: 17976037DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0684.2007.00220.xGoogle Scholar: Lookup
The Equine Research Bank provides access to a large database of publicly available scientific literature. Inclusion in the Research Bank does not imply endorsement of study methods or findings by Mad Barn.
- Journal Article
- Research Support
- Non-U.S. Gov't
Summary
This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.
The research article revolves around an experimental infection of a common marmoset (a type of primate) with Equine herpesvirus 9 (EHV-9), a new neurotropic equine herpesvirus. The study establishes neurological degeneration in the marmosets post-infection, thereby proving their susceptibility to EHV-9.
Study Objective and Method
The objective of this study relates to assessing the infectivity of EHV-9 in primates, as there has been no information regarding this so far. In this experiment, the researchers inoculated four common marmosets with EHV-9 to evaluate their response.
- Each marmoset was infected through the nasal route with 10(6) plaque-forming units of EHV-9.
- This method helped simulate the natural course of infection where a virus would typically invade a host organism.
Results of the Study
Following inoculation, all the four marmosets exhibited various neurological signs which progressed to collapse. The neurological response is a hallmark of EHV-9 infection, which is neurotropic, meaning that it has a particular affinity for the nervous system.
- Upon histological examination, the marmosets exhibited severe encephalitis characterized by neuronal degeneration and necrosis.
- The presence of intranuclear inclusion bodies was detected in the marmosets, which extended from the olfactory bulb to the rhinencephalon and piriform lobe.
- The authors also observed severe necrotizing rhinitis with prominent intranuclear inclusion bodies in the olfactory mucosa in the nasal cavity of the animals.
- Immunohistochemistry further revealed EHV-9 antigens in the degenerating neuronal cells.
Conclusion
On the basis of these observations, it was concluded that common marmosets are susceptible to EHV-9. This study provides a new understanding of the host spectrum of EHV-9 and its potential threat to different species. More research is needed to further investigate the underlying mechanisms and possible protections.
Cite This Article
APA
Kodama A, Yanai T, Yomemaru K, Sakai H, Masegi T, Yamada S, Fukushi H, Kuraishi T, Hattori S, Kai C.
(2007).
Acute neuropathogenicity with experimental infection of equine herpesvirus 9 in common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus).
J Med Primatol, 36(6), 335-342.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0684.2007.00220.x Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan.
MeSH Terms
- Administration, Intranasal
- Animals
- Antigens, Viral / metabolism
- Brain / pathology
- Brain / virology
- Callithrix
- Encephalitis, Viral / pathology
- Encephalitis, Viral / transmission
- Encephalitis, Viral / veterinary
- Female
- Herpesviridae Infections / physiopathology
- Herpesviridae Infections / veterinary
- Herpesviridae Infections / virology
- Male
- Monkey Diseases / physiopathology
- Monkey Diseases / virology
- Neurons / immunology
- Neurons / metabolism
- Neurons / pathology
- Varicellovirus / immunology
- Varicellovirus / pathogenicity
Citations
This article has been cited 6 times.- Abas O, Abdo W, Kasem S, Alwazzan A, Saleh AG, Saleh IG, Fukushi H, Yanai T, Haridy M. Time Course-Dependent Study on Equine Herpes Virus 9-Induced Abortion in Syrian Hamsters. Animals (Basel) 2020 Aug 7;10(8).
- Saleh AG, Anwar SI, Abas OM, Abd-Ellatieff HA, Nasr M, Saleh I, Fukushi H, Yanai T. Effect of a single point mutation on equine herpes virus 9 (EHV-9) neuropathogenicity after intranasal inoculation in a hamster model. J Vet Med Sci 2017 Aug 18;79(8):1426-1436.
- Abdelgawad A, Damiani A, Ho SY, Strauss G, Szentiks CA, East ML, Osterrieder N, Greenwood AD. Zebra Alphaherpesviruses (EHV-1 and EHV-9): Genetic Diversity, Latency and Co-Infections. Viruses 2016 Sep 20;8(9).
- Rebelo AR, Carman S, Shapiro J, van Dreumel T, Hazlett M, Nagy É. Equid herpesvirus 9 (EHV-9) isolates from zebras in Ontario, Canada, 1989 to 2007. Can J Vet Res 2015 Apr;79(2):155-9.
- El-Habashi N, El-Nahass el-S, Fukushi H, Hibi D, Sakai H, Sasseville V, Yanai T. Experimental intranasal infection of equine herpesvirus 9 (EHV-9) in suckling hamsters: kinetics of viral transmission and inflammation in the nasal cavity and brain. J Neurovirol 2010 May;16(3):242-8.
- Schrenzel MD, Tucker TA, Donovan TA, Busch MD, Wise AG, Maes RK, Kiupel M. New hosts for equine herpesvirus 9. Emerg Infect Dis 2008 Oct;14(10):1616-9.
Use Nutrition Calculator
Check if your horse's diet meets their nutrition requirements with our easy-to-use tool Check your horse's diet with our easy-to-use tool
Talk to a Nutritionist
Discuss your horse's feeding plan with our experts over a free phone consultation Discuss your horse's diet over a phone consultation
Submit Diet Evaluation
Get a customized feeding plan for your horse formulated by our equine nutritionists Get a custom feeding plan formulated by our nutritionists
