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Canadian journal of veterinary research = Revue canadienne de recherche veterinaire2019; 83(4); 272-278;

Acute-phase protein profile in horses subjected to different exercise protocols.

Abstract: High-intensity exercise can be associated with the occurrence of muscle injury, as well as the induction of an acute-phase response (APR). The present study aims to investigate the synthesis and profile of serum proteins in horses before and after participating in 2 different exercise protocols and to relate this profile to the presence or absence of muscular injury caused by exercise. Ten purebred Arabian (n = 5) and Criollo (n = 5) horses were subjected to 2 different tests on a treadmill, one consisting of short-duration and rapid-acceleration training (TRA) that was mostly anerobic and the other of long-duration and slow-acceleration training (TLD) that was predominantly aerobic. Blood samples were obtained before the beginning of exercise (T0) and at 6 post-exercise time points: immediately after (T1) and 30 min (T2), 3 h (T3), 12 h (T4), 24 h (T5), and 48 h (T6) after exercise. Hematocrit was determined by the microhematocrit method. Plasma and serum samples were prepared by centrifugation (1500 × g for 5 min) for plasma concentrations of fibrinogen, total serum proteins (TP), sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), and creatine-kinase (CK) serum activity. Total protein concentration and CK serum activity were determined in an automated biochemistry analyzer. Fibrinogen was determined by the heat precipitation method in microhematocrit capillary tubes. Estimated concentrations of haptoglobin (Hp) significantly decreased after TRA and estimated concentrations of alpha-1 acid glycoprotein (AGP) significantly increased after both protocols at T2. Albumin increased after the TLD exercise protocol. Changes in hematocrit, haptoglobin, and albumin concentrations in horses subjected to different treadmill exercise protocols are related to a physiological response to hemoconcentration and hemolysis. Increases of AGP in the TLD protocol suggest the release of catecholamines as a response to avoid oxidative damage to tissue. L’exercice est associé à l’induction d’une réponse inflammatoire en phase aiguë (APR). La présente étude vise à étudier la synthèse et le profil des protéines sériques avant et après la mise en pratique de deux protocoles d’exercices différents, et à et à établir un lien entre ce profil à la présence ou à l’absence de lésions musculaires causées par l’exercice. Dix chevaux, de race pure arabe (n = 5) et criollo (n = 5), ont été soumis à des tests sur un tapis roulant d’accélération rapide et de courte durée, principalement anaérobique (TRA), et des exercices de faible intensité et de longue durée (TLD), principalement aérobique. Des échantillons de sang veineux ont été prélevés avant le début de l’exercice (T0) et à six moments post-exercice : immédiatement après (T1), 30 minutes (T2), 3 h (T3), 12 h (T4), 24 h (T5) et 48 h (T6). L’hématocrite a été déterminé par la méthode du microhématocrite. Des échantillons de plasma et de sérum ont été préparés par centrifugation (1500 × g pendant 5 min) pour les concentrations plasmatiques de fibrinogène, les protéines sériques totales (TP), l’électrophorèse sur gel de polyacrylamide de sodium dodécylsulfate (SDS-PAGE) et l’activité sérique de créatine kinase (CK). La concentration en TP et l’activité sérique en CK ont été déterminées dans un analyseur automatique de biochimie. Le fibrinogène a été établi par la méthode de précipitation thermique dans des tubes capillaires à microhématocrite. Les niveaux estimés d’haptoglobine ont diminué de manière significative en TRA et les concentrations estimées d’AGP ont été significativement augmentées pour les deux protocoles à T2. L’albumine a augmenté considérablement dans le protocole TLD. Les variations des concentrations d’hématocrite, d’haptoglobine et d’albumine chez les chevaux soumis à différents protocoles d’exercice sur tapis roulant sont liées à la réponse physiologique à l’hémoconcentration et à l’hémolyse. L’augmentation de l’AGP dans le protocole TLD suggère la libération de catécholamines et une réponse permettant d’éviter les dommages oxydatifs aux tissus.(Traduit par les auteurs).
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Publication Date: 2019-10-02 PubMed ID: 31571727PubMed Central: PMC6753884
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  • Clinical Trial
  • Veterinary
  • Journal Article

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research investigates the impact of two different exercise regimes on muscle injury and subsequent physiological response in horses, and distinct changes in the profiles of certain serum proteins following these exercise protocols.

Objective of the Study

The study primarily aimed to determine the influence of different levels and types of exercise – rapid, short-duration (TRA) and slow, long-duration (TLD) workouts – on the acute-phase response (APR) in purebred Arabian and Criollo horses. This response was measured by changes in the profile of serum proteins in the horses’ blood before and after the exercise protocols. The results were then compared to whether there was evidence of muscle injury as a result of the exercises.

Study Design and Methodology

  • The study involved ten horses: five Arabian and five Criollo. These horses underwent two separate treadmill exercise regimes: one of short-duration, high-intensity (TRA) and the other of long-duration, low-intensity (TLD).
  • Blood samples were collected before the exercises (represented as T0 in the study) and at six subsequent points immediately post-workout: after (T1) and 30 min (T2), 3 hr (T3), 12 hr (T4), 24 hr (T5), and 48 hr (T6) after exercise.
  • The following measurements were then made: hematocrit levels, plasma fibrinogen concentration, total serum protein (TP) content, sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), and serum activity of creatine-kinase (CK)

Significant Findings

  • Fibrinogen was determined by the heat precipitation method in microhematocrit capillary tubes. It was found that the estimated concentrations of a protein called haptoglobin significantly decreased after the rapid, short-duration exercise (TRA).
  • The study also found that the estimated concentrations of alpha-1 acid glycoprotein (AGP), another protein, significantly increased after both types of exercises at the 30-minute mark (T2).
  • Additionally, an increase in albumin was noted after the slow, long-duration workout (TLD).

Implication of Study Results

  • The changes noted in hematocrit, haptoglobin, and albumin concentrations in the horses are attributed to a natural physiological response stemming from hemoconcentration and hemolysis, i.e., an increase in the concentration of cells and solids in the blood and the destruction of red blood cells respectively.
  • The increase of AGP, particularly in the TLD exercise session, is hypothesized to be a response to the release of catecholamines, substances released by the body during stress or exercise. This reaction protects the body from potential oxidative damage to tissues.

Cite This Article

APA
Assunção P, Barbosa T, Yonezawa L, Barbosa L, Watanabe M, Kohayagawa A, Schmidt E. (2019). Acute-phase protein profile in horses subjected to different exercise protocols. Can J Vet Res, 83(4), 272-278.

Publication

Canadian journal of veterinary research = Revue canadienne de recherche veterinaire
ISSN: 1928-9022
NlmUniqueID: 8607793
Country: Canada
Language: English
Volume: 83
Issue: 4
Pages: 272-278

Researcher Affiliations

Assunção, Pedrita
  • São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science (FMVZ), Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Rua Prof. Doutor Walter Mauricio Correa, s/n bairro UNESP, Botucatu Campus, SP Botucatu, São Paulo 18618.618-681, Brazil.
Barbosa, Tatiana
  • São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science (FMVZ), Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Rua Prof. Doutor Walter Mauricio Correa, s/n bairro UNESP, Botucatu Campus, SP Botucatu, São Paulo 18618.618-681, Brazil.
Yonezawa, Letícia
  • São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science (FMVZ), Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Rua Prof. Doutor Walter Mauricio Correa, s/n bairro UNESP, Botucatu Campus, SP Botucatu, São Paulo 18618.618-681, Brazil.
Barbosa, Luciano
  • São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science (FMVZ), Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Rua Prof. Doutor Walter Mauricio Correa, s/n bairro UNESP, Botucatu Campus, SP Botucatu, São Paulo 18618.618-681, Brazil.
Watanabe, Marcus
  • São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science (FMVZ), Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Rua Prof. Doutor Walter Mauricio Correa, s/n bairro UNESP, Botucatu Campus, SP Botucatu, São Paulo 18618.618-681, Brazil.
Kohayagawa, Aguemi
  • São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science (FMVZ), Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Rua Prof. Doutor Walter Mauricio Correa, s/n bairro UNESP, Botucatu Campus, SP Botucatu, São Paulo 18618.618-681, Brazil.
Schmidt, Elizabeth
  • São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science (FMVZ), Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Rua Prof. Doutor Walter Mauricio Correa, s/n bairro UNESP, Botucatu Campus, SP Botucatu, São Paulo 18618.618-681, Brazil.

MeSH Terms

  • Acute-Phase Proteins / metabolism
  • Adaptation, Physiological
  • Animals
  • Female
  • Horses / blood
  • Horses / genetics
  • Horses / metabolism
  • Male
  • Physical Conditioning, Animal / physiology
  • Time Factors

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Citations

This article has been cited 6 times.
  1. Brito G, Damián JP, Trigo P, Ruprechter G. Metabolic Profiles of Finishing and Nonfinishing Horses in Uruguayan Raid Competitions. Vet Med Int 2025;2025:4217400.
    doi: 10.1155/vmi/4217400pubmed: 41357616google scholar: lookup
  2. Giers J, Bartel A, Kirsch K, Müller SF, Horstmann S, Gehlen H. Blood-based assessment of oxidative stress, inflammation, endocrine and metabolic adaptations in eventing horses accounting for plasma volume shift after exercise. Vet Med Sci 2024 May;10(3):e1409.
    doi: 10.1002/vms3.1409pubmed: 38516822google scholar: lookup
  3. Giers J, Bartel A, Kirsch K, Müller SF, Horstmann S, Gehlen H. Blood-Based Markers for Skeletal and Cardiac Muscle Function in Eventing Horses before and after Cross-Country Rides and How They Are Influenced by Plasma Volume Shift. Animals (Basel) 2023 Oct 5;13(19).
    doi: 10.3390/ani13193110pubmed: 37835716google scholar: lookup
  4. Bollinger L, Bartel A, Weber C, Gehlen H. Pre-Ride Biomarkers and Endurance Horse Welfare: Analyzing the Impact of the Elimination of Superoxide Dismutase, δ-Aminolevulinic-Dehydratase, Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances, Iron, and Serum Amyloid A Levels in Elite 160 km Endurance Rides. Animals (Basel) 2023 May 17;13(10).
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  5. Soroko-Dubrovina M, Górniak W, Zielińska P, Górniak A, Čebulj-Kadunc N, Korczyński M. Evaluation of Shiitake Mushroom (Lentinula edodes) Supplementation on the Blood Parameters of Young Thoroughbred Racehorses. Animals (Basel) 2022 Nov 19;12(22).
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