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Home / Equine Research Bank / Nat Commun / Affiliative behaviours regulate allostasis development and s...
Nature communications2026; 17(1); 47; doi: 10.1038/s41467-025-66729-1

Affiliative behaviours regulate allostasis development and shape biobehavioural trajectories in horses.

Abstract: Social interactions shape both the physiological and behavioural development of offspring, and poor care/early caregiver loss is known to promote adverse outcomes during infancy in both animals and humans. How affiliative behaviours impact the future development of offspring remains an open question. Here, we used Equus caballus (domestic horse) as a model to investigate this question. By coupling magnetic resonance imaging, longitudinal biobehavioural assessments and advanced multivariate statistical modelling, we found that prolonged maternal presence during infancy promotes the maturation of brain regions involved in both social behaviour (anterior cingulate cortex and retrosplenial cortex) and physiological regulation (hypothalamus and amygdala). Additionally, offspring benefiting from a prolonged maternal presence showed higher default mode network connectivity, improved social competences and feeding behaviours, and higher concentrations of circulating lipids (triglyceride and cholesterol). The findings of the present study underscore the salient role of social interactions in the development of allostatic regulation in offspring.
© 2025. The Author(s).
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Publication Date: 2026-01-13 PubMed ID: 41530128PubMed Central: PMC12800209DOI: 10.1038/s41467-025-66729-1Google Scholar: Lookup
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  • Journal Article

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

Overview

  • This study investigates how social interactions, particularly prolonged maternal presence, influence brain development, physiological regulation, and behavior in horse offspring.
  • Using domestic horses as a model species, the research links affiliative behaviors during infancy to improved brain maturation, social skills, and metabolic indicators.

Introduction and Background

  • Social interactions are crucial in shaping the physiological and behavioral development of young animals and humans.
  • Poor caregiver care or early loss during infancy is linked to negative developmental outcomes.
  • However, the specific impact of affiliative behaviors—positive social interactions—on offspring development is not fully understood.
  • The domestic horse (Equus caballus) was chosen as a model organism because of its well-studied social behavior and similarity to social mammals in neurodevelopment.

Research Methods

  • Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) was used to study brain development and connectivity in offspring horses.
  • Longitudinal biobehavioral assessments tracked social behaviors, feeding patterns, and physiological markers across development stages.
  • Advanced multivariate statistical modeling enabled the researchers to analyze complex interactions between brain structures, social behaviors, and physiological data.
  • The primary variable was the duration of maternal presence during infancy, examining its effects on the offspring over time.

Key Findings

  • Prolonged maternal presence during infancy led to enhanced development of specific brain regions related to social behavior and physiological regulation:
    • Anterior cingulate cortex and retrosplenial cortex—regions associated with social cognition and interaction.
    • Hypothalamus and amygdala—critical for regulation of physiological states such as stress and emotion.
  • Offspring with extended maternal presence showed:
    • Higher connectivity in the default mode network, indicative of more mature and integrated brain function.
    • Improved social competences, suggesting better ability to engage, communicate, or cooperate with peers.
    • Healthier feeding behaviors, likely linked to better physiological regulation.
    • Elevated circulating lipid levels, including triglycerides and cholesterol, which might reflect healthier metabolic status or developmental energetics.

Significance and Implications

  • This study underscores the essential role of affiliative social interactions, and specifically maternal presence, in shaping allostatic regulation—the process by which the body maintains stability through change—in offspring.
  • It connects social experiences in infancy with measurable brain, behavioral, and physiological outcomes, illustrating how early environment influences later development.
  • The findings provide insights that could inform animal husbandry and welfare practices, emphasizing the benefits of sustained maternal care for healthy maturation.
  • These results may also have translational relevance for understanding human development, particularly the impacts of early caregiver presence or absence on neurobiological and behavioral trajectories.

Cite This Article

APA
Valenchon M, Reigner F, Lefort G, Adriaensen H, Gesbert A, Barrière P, Gaude Y, Elleboudt F, Lévy I, Ducluzeau C, Dupont J, Lainé AL, Uszynski I, Dardente H, Poupon C, Lansade L, Calandreau L, Keller M, Barrière DA. (2026). Affiliative behaviours regulate allostasis development and shape biobehavioural trajectories in horses. Nat Commun, 17(1), 47. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-66729-1

Publication

Nature communications
ISSN: 2041-1723
NlmUniqueID: 101528555
Country: England
Language: English
Volume: 17
Issue: 1
Pages: 47
PII: 47

Researcher Affiliations

Valenchon, Mathilde
  • CNRS, INRAE, Université de Tours, UMR Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, Nouzilly, France. mathilde.valenchon@inrae.fr.
  • Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, UMR Modélisation Systémique Appliquée aux Ruminants, Palaiseau, France. mathilde.valenchon@inrae.fr.
Reigner, Fabrice
  • INRAE, Unité Expérimentale de Physiologie Animale de l'Orfrasière, Centre de Recherche de Tours, Nouzilly, France.
Lefort, Gaëlle
  • CNRS, INRAE, Université de Tours, UMR Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, Nouzilly, France.
Adriaensen, Hans
  • CNRS, INRAE, Université de Tours, UMR Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, Nouzilly, France.
  • INRAE, Université de Tours, CHU de Tours, PIXANIM, Nouzilly, France.
Gesbert, Amandine
  • INRAE, Unité Expérimentale de Physiologie Animale de l'Orfrasière, Centre de Recherche de Tours, Nouzilly, France.
Barrière, Philippe
  • INRAE, Unité Expérimentale de Physiologie Animale de l'Orfrasière, Centre de Recherche de Tours, Nouzilly, France.
Gaude, Yvan
  • INRAE, Unité Expérimentale de Physiologie Animale de l'Orfrasière, Centre de Recherche de Tours, Nouzilly, France.
Elleboudt, Frederic
  • CNRS, INRAE, Université de Tours, UMR Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, Nouzilly, France.
  • INRAE, Université de Tours, CHU de Tours, PIXANIM, Nouzilly, France.
Lévy, Isabelle
  • Veterinary Clinic of the Nouvetière, La Nouvetière, Sonzay, France.
Ducluzeau, Camille
  • Veterinary Clinic of the Nouvetière, La Nouvetière, Sonzay, France.
Dupont, Joëlle
  • CNRS, INRAE, Université de Tours, UMR Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, Nouzilly, France.
Lainé, Anne-Lyse
  • CNRS, INRAE, Université de Tours, UMR Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, Nouzilly, France.
Uszynski, Ivy
  • BAOBAB, NeuroSpin, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, CEA, Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
Dardente, Hugues
  • CNRS, INRAE, Université de Tours, UMR Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, Nouzilly, France.
Poupon, Cyril
  • BAOBAB, NeuroSpin, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, CEA, Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
Lansade, Léa
  • CNRS, INRAE, Université de Tours, UMR Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, Nouzilly, France.
Calandreau, Ludovic
  • CNRS, INRAE, Université de Tours, UMR Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, Nouzilly, France.
Keller, Matthieu
  • CNRS, INRAE, Université de Tours, UMR Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, Nouzilly, France. matthieu.keller@inrae.fr.
Barrière, David André
  • CNRS, INRAE, Université de Tours, UMR Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, Nouzilly, France. david.barriere@cnrs.fr.

MeSH Terms

  • Animals
  • Horses / physiology
  • Horses / psychology
  • Female
  • Magnetic Resonance Imaging
  • Male
  • Social Behavior
  • Allostasis / physiology
  • Behavior, Animal / physiology
  • Brain / physiology
  • Brain / diagnostic imaging

Conflict of Interest Statement

Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.

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