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Journal of clinical medicine2022; 11(24); doi: 10.3390/jcm11247283

Agmatine Administration Effects on Equine Gastric Ulceration and Lameness.

Abstract: Osteoarthritis (OA) accounts for up to 60% of equine lameness. Agmatine, a decarboxylated arginine, may be a viable option for OA management, based on reports of its analgesic properties. Six adult thoroughbred horses, with lameness attributable to thoracic limb OA, received either daily oral phenylbutazone (6.6 mg/kg), agmatine sulfate (25 mg/kg) or a control for 30 days, with 21-day washout periods between treatments. Subjective lameness, thoracic limb ground reaction forces (GRF), plasma agmatine and agmatine metabolite levels were evaluated using an established rubric, a force platform, and mass spectrometry, respectively, before, during and after each treatment period. Gastric ulceration and plasma chemistries were evaluated before and after treatments. Braking GRFs were greater after 14 and 29 days of agmatine compared to phenylbutazone administration. After 14 days of phenylbutazone administration, vertical GRFs were greater than for agmatine or the control. Glandular mucosal ulcer scores were lower after agmatine than phenylbutazone administration. Agmatine plasma levels peaked between 30 and 60 min and were largely undetectable by 24 h after oral administration. In contrast, plasma citric acid levels increased throughout agmatine administration, representing a shift in the metabolomic profile. Agmatine may be a viable option to improve thoracic limb GRFs while reducing the risk of glandular gastric ulceration in horses with OA.
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Publication Date: 2022-12-08 PubMed ID: 36555900PubMed Central: PMC9780949DOI: 10.3390/jcm11247283Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research examines the effects of agmatine administration on equine lameness due to osteoarthritis and gastric ulceration. It suggests that agmatine could improve lameness and reduce gastric ulceration in horses suffering from osteoarthritis.

Identifying the Research Problem

  • The research primarily tackles the problem of osteoarthritis (OA), a common condition responsible for up to 60% of lameness in horses. The pain and disability from OA cause significant distress to the horse and challenge the care providers.
  • The study proposes to examine the potential of agmatine – a by-product formed when arginine, an amino acid, undergoes the process of decarboxylation – as a possible effective treatment for equine OA. This proposition is based on reports that attribute pain-relieving properties to agmatine.

Research Methodology

  • Six adult thoroughbred horses with OA-related lameness were part of the experiment. Each horse received either a daily dose of phenylbutazone, agmatine sulfate, or a control over 30 days. There were 21-day washout periods between each treatment to eliminate residual effects.
  • The key metrics assessed were subjective lameness, thoracic limb ground reaction forces (GRF), plasma agmatine and agmatine metabolite levels. These were evaluated using a rubric, a force platform, and mass spectrometry, respectively. Assessments took place before, during, and after each treatment cycle.
  • Additionally, the study also monitored gastric ulceration status and plasma chemistry before and after the treatment periods.

Research Findings

  • The results showed an enhancement in the braking ground reaction forces after 14 and 29 days of agmatine administration, compared to phenylbutazone – a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug commonly used in horses.
  • After 14 days, the horses treated with phenylbutazone presented higher vertical ground reaction forces than those treated with agmatine or the control.
  • Observations also showed that the horses had lower glandular mucosal ulcer scores (indicating less ulceration) after agmatine treatment compared to phenylbutazone administration.
  • Regarding plasma chemistry, agmatine levels peaked between 30 to 60 minutes but were mostly undetectable after 24 hours of the administration. In contrast, the levels of plasma citric acid, a metabolite, increased during the agmatine treatment, suggesting a shift in metabolomic profile.

Conclusion and Recommendations

  • Given the findings, the research suggests that agmatine could be a potential treatment for improving thoracic limb ground reaction forces in horses, essentially helping manage lameness caused by OA.
  • Moreover, it can do this while also reducing the risk of glandular gastric ulceration, a stated side effect of commonly used medicines like phenylbutazone.

Cite This Article

APA
Taguchi T, Morales Yniguez FJ, Takawira C, Andrews FM, Lopez MJ. (2022). Agmatine Administration Effects on Equine Gastric Ulceration and Lameness. J Clin Med, 11(24). https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11247283

Publication

Journal of clinical medicine
ISSN: 2077-0383
NlmUniqueID: 101606588
Country: Switzerland
Language: English
Volume: 11
Issue: 24

Researcher Affiliations

Taguchi, Takashi
  • Laboratory for Equine and Comparative Orthopedic Research, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA.
Morales Yniguez, Francisco J
  • Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA.
Takawira, Catherine
  • Laboratory for Equine and Comparative Orthopedic Research, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA.
Andrews, Frank M
  • Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA.
Lopez, Mandi J
  • Laboratory for Equine and Comparative Orthopedic Research, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA.

Grant Funding

  • 1443 / United States Department of Agriculture
  • Equine Health Studies Program / Louisiana State University

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest. The funders had no role in the design of the study; in the collection, analyses, or interpretation of data; in the writing of the manuscript; or in the decision to publish the results.

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Citations

This article has been cited 1 times.
  1. Gilad VH, Béres E, Vértesi A, Hirka G, Gilad GM. Evidence for safety of the dietary ingredient agmatine sulfate as assessed by mutagenicity and genotoxicity studies. Toxicol Rep 2024 Dec;13:101720.
    doi: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2024.101720pubmed: 39286406google scholar: lookup
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