Albumin quotient, IgG concentration, and IgG index determinations in cerebrospinal fluid of neonatal foals.
Abstract: Total protein (TP), albumin, and IgG concentrations were measured in CSF from the atlanto-occipital (AO) and lumbosacral (LS) sites and in serum of 15 clinically normal neonatal foals < or = 10 days old (mean, 7.0 days). The albumin quotient (AQ; CSF albumin/serum albumin x 100) and IgG index ([CSF IgG/serum IgG] x [serum albumin/CSF albumin]), indicators of blood-brain barrier permeability and intrathecal IgG production, respectively, were then calculated. Mean +/- SD values obtained from the foals of this study were: serum albumin, 2,900 +/- 240 mg/dl; serum IgG, 1,325 +/- 686 mg/dl; AO CSF total protein (TP), 82.8 +/- 19.2 mg/dl; LS CSF TP, 83.6 +/- 16.1 mg/dl; AO CSF albumin, 52.0 +/- 8.6 mg/dl; LS CSF albumin, 53.8 +/- 15.7 mg/dl; AO CSF IgG, 10.2 +/- 5.5 mg/dl; LS CSF IgG, 9.9 +/- 5.7 mg/dl; AO AQ, 1.86 +/- 0.29; LS AQ, 1.85 +/- 0.51, AO IgG index, 0.52 +/- 0.28; and LS IgG index, 0.48 +/- 0.27. Significant difference between values for the AO and LS sites was not found. A CSF albumin concentration > 85.2 mg/dl or AQ > 2.4, as determined by mean +/- 2 SD, may indicate increased blood-brain barrier permeability. An IgG index value > 1.0 may indicate intrathecal IgG production. Values obtained for foals of this study should serve as baseline for comparison in the evaluation of blood-brain barrier permeability and intrathecal IgG production in neonatal foals with neurologic disease.
Publication Date: 1994-06-01 PubMed ID: 7944008
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- Journal Article
- Research Support
- Non-U.S. Gov't
Summary
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The research examined the Total Protein, Albumin, and IgG concentrations in the cerebrospinal fluid of fifteen neonatal foals, and used these measurements to calculate the Albumin Quotient and IgG Index as indicators of blood-brain barrier permeability and intrathecal IgG production.
Methodology
- The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was sampled from the atlanto-occipital (AO) and lumbosacral (LS) sites of 15 clinical normal neonatal foals that are 10 days old or less.
- The concentrations of Total protein (TP), albumin, and IgG in the CSF were measured at both sites in the same target population and in the serum of these foals.
- The Albumin Quotient (AQ; CSF albumin/serum albumin x 100) which indicates blood-brain barrier permeability and the IgG index ([CSF IgG/serum IgG] x [serum albumin/CSF albumin]) which indicates intrathecal IgG production, were then calculated from the measures obtained.
Results
- The research found no significant differences between the values obtained from the AO and LS sites for all measurements.
- Based on the measurements, the study proposed that a CSF albumin concentration greater than 85.2 mg/dl, or an AQ value greater than 2.4 suggest an increased blood-brain barrier permeability.
- An IgG index value greater than 1.0 might indicate an increased production of intrathecal IgG.
- The values from this study are expected to serve as baseline values that can be used for comparison in studies involving the evaluation of the blood-brain barrier permeability and intrathecal production of IgG in neonatal foals with a neurological disease.
Conclusion
- The research provides useful baseline data for comparison in future pathological studies of neonatal foals.
- The identified thresholds for the albumin and IgG concentrations and their respective indices can serve as markers for identifying changes in the blood-brain barrier permeability or intrathecal IgG production patterns, which could be symptoms of neurological diseases in neonatal foals.
Cite This Article
APA
Andrews FM, Geiser DR, Sommardahl CS, Green EM, Provenza M.
(1994).
Albumin quotient, IgG concentration, and IgG index determinations in cerebrospinal fluid of neonatal foals.
Am J Vet Res, 55(6), 741-745.
Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Department of Rural Practice, University of Tennessee, College of Veterinary Medicine, Knoxville 39701-1071.
MeSH Terms
- Albumins / cerebrospinal fluid
- Animals
- Animals, Newborn
- Blood-Brain Barrier
- Cerebrospinal Fluid Proteins / analysis
- Electrophoresis, Agar Gel
- Horses / blood
- Horses / cerebrospinal fluid
- Horses / immunology
- Immunodiffusion
- Immunoglobulin G / blood
- Immunoglobulin G / cerebrospinal fluid
- Reference Values
- Serum Albumin / analysis
Citations
This article has been cited 4 times.- Abdelhakiem MAH, Hussein HA. Collection of cerebrospinal fluid in 50 adult healthy donkeys (Equus asinus): clinical complications, and cytological and biochemical constituents. BMC Vet Res 2021 Sep 9;17(1):302.
- Steinberg TA, Boettcher IC, Matiasek K, Hirschvogel K, Hartmann K, Kunz A, Fischer A. Use of albumin quotient and IgG index to differentiate blood- vs brain-derived proteins in the cerebrospinal fluid of cats with feline infectious peritonitis. Vet Clin Pathol 2008 Jun;37(2):207-16.
- St Jean G, Yvorchuk-St Jean K, Anderson DE, Moore WE. Cerebrospinal fluid constituents collected at the atlanto-occipital site of xylazine hydrochloride sedated, healthy 8-week-old Holstein calves. Can J Vet Res 1997 Apr;61(2):108-12.
- Pavăl D, Gherghel-Pavăl N, Căpățînă OO, Stan A, Raduly L, Budișan L, Micluția IV. Neural Antibodies in First-episode Psychosis Patients with Warning Signs for Autoimmune Encephalitis. Clin Psychopharmacol Neurosci 2024 Aug 31;22(3):520-530.
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