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Toxins2015; 7(12); 5301-5307; doi: 10.3390/toxins7124884

Alkaloid-Containing Plants Poisonous to Cattle and Horses in Europe.

Abstract: Alkaloids, nitrogen-containing secondary plant metabolites, are of major interest to veterinary toxicology because of their occurrence in plant species commonly involved in animal poisoning. Based on epidemiological data, the poisoning of cattle and horses by alkaloid-containing plants is a relatively common occurrence in Europe. Poisoning may occur when the plants contaminate hay or silage or when forage alternatives are unavailable. Cattle and horses are particularly at risk of poisoning by Colchicum autumnale (meadow saffron), Conium maculatum (poison hemlock), Datura stramonium (jimson weed), Equisetum palustre (marsh horsetail), Senecio spp. (ragwort and groundsel) and Taxus baccata (European yew). This review of poisonous alkaloid-containing plants describes the distribution of these plants, conditions under which poisoning occurs, active toxic principles involved and subsequent clinical signs observed.
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Publication Date: 2015-12-08 PubMed ID: 26670251PubMed Central: PMC4690134DOI: 10.3390/toxins7124884Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This research article discusses the problems faced by cattle and horses in Europe due to their consumption of specific plants containing harmful alkaloids. It includes an overview of the toxic plants, the circumstances leading to poisoning, the active toxic agents involved, and the clinical signs indicating poisoning.

Alkaloids and Their Toxicity to Animals

The main focus of the article is on alkaloids. These are nitrogen-containing secondary plant metabolites, known to have a significant impact on veterinary toxicology due to their presence in plants often associated with animal poisoning. As the paper suggests, exposure and intake of alkaloids can lead to toxicosis and consequent animal diseases or even death.

  • Alkaloids are naturally produced by a broad variety of organisms including bacteria, fungi, plants, and animals.
  • In toxicology, specifically within the scope of veterinary medicine, alkaloids often contribute to severe health issues in animals, essentially cattle and horses, when consumed in large amounts.
  • In many cases, poisoning occurs when animals inadvertently ingest these alkaloids through contaminated hay or silage, on farmland or when other alternative feed sources are unavailable.

Plants Containing Poisonous Alkaloids

This section of the article identifies specific plants deemed toxic for cattle and horses due to their alkaloid content. These include Colchicum autumnale (meadow saffron), Conium maculatum (poison hemlock), Datura stramonium (jimson weed), Equisetum palustre (marsh horsetail), Senecio spp. (ragwort and groundsel), and Taxus baccata (European yew).

  • These plants are not only prevalent in various parts of Europe, but their toxicity is often high enough to pose a significant risk to livestock, primarily cattle, and horses, leading to frequent poisoning incidents.
  • The authors provide an overview of these plants, the conditions or circumstances leading to poisoning, the exact toxic elements within these plants, as well as the clinical signs and symptoms that indicate such poisoning.

Clinical Symptoms and Signs of Poisoning

A significant part of this paper is dedicated to the explanation of clinical symptoms associated with the consumption of such plants.

  • Understanding these signs is vital for effective detection and mitigation of the poisoning.
  • Early detection based on these symptoms can lead to prompt treatment and increase the chances of recovery for the affected animals.

Cite This Article

APA
Cortinovis C, Caloni F. (2015). Alkaloid-Containing Plants Poisonous to Cattle and Horses in Europe. Toxins (Basel), 7(12), 5301-5307. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins7124884

Publication

Toxins
ISSN: 2072-6651
NlmUniqueID: 101530765
Country: Switzerland
Language: English
Volume: 7
Issue: 12
Pages: 5301-5307

Researcher Affiliations

Cortinovis, Cristina
  • Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety (VESPA), Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 10, 20133 Milan, Italy. cristina.cortinovis@unimi.it.
Caloni, Francesca
  • Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety (VESPA), Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 10, 20133 Milan, Italy. francesca.caloni@unimi.it.

MeSH Terms

  • Alkaloids / toxicity
  • Animals
  • Cattle
  • Europe
  • Horses
  • Piperidines / toxicity
  • Plants, Toxic / toxicity

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