FREE SHIPPING over $40
OVER 9000 FIVE-STAR REVIEWS
5% OFF ALL SUBSCRIPTIONS
100% HAPPINESS GUARANTEE
Analyze Diet
0
Home / Equine Research Bank / Infect Immun / Alterations in the equine herpesvirus 1 genome after in vitr...
Infection and immunity1983; 40(1); 436-439; doi: 10.1128/iai.40.1.436-439.1983

Alterations in the equine herpesvirus 1 genome after in vitro and in vivo virus passage.

Abstract: The effect of in vitro and in vivo serial virus passage on the genetic stability of equine herpesvirus 1 (EHV-1) was investigated by restriction endonuclease analysis of the viral DNA. DNAs of EHV-1 isolates at different passage levels in cultured cells or in Syrian hamsters were compared by electrophoresis of the DNA cleavage fragments produced by restriction endonuclease digestion. No changes were observed in the restriction profile of the DNAs of EHV-1 strains after 100 sequential passages in cultured equine cells. However, serial passage of the virus in hamsters or in cells of non-equine origin quickly gave rise to alterations in the viral DNA. These changes occurring in the restriction endonuclease profiles of EHV-1 DNA during serial virus passage in non-equine cells or animals hosts could be explained by sequence additions or deletions to preexisting restriction fragments resulting in variation in their electrophoretic mobilities.
Get Full Text
Publication Date: 1983-04-01 PubMed ID: 6299965PubMed Central: PMC264868DOI: 10.1128/iai.40.1.436-439.1983Google Scholar: Lookup
The Equine Research Bank provides access to a large database of publicly available scientific literature. Inclusion in the Research Bank does not imply endorsement of study methods or findings by Mad Barn.
LinkedInCopy
  • Journal Article
  • Research Support
  • Non-U.S. Gov't

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research explores how the genome of equine herpesvirus 1 (EHV-1) changes when passed through different environments either living (in vivo) or under lab conditions (in vitro). It was found that changes occur when the virus is passed through non-equine cells or hamsters, but not through equine cells.

Research Methodology

  • The study focused on understanding how the genetic makeup of the equine herpesvirus 1 (EHV-1) changes when it is subjected to multiple passages under laboratory conditions (in vitro) and living organisms (in vivo).
  • The genetic stability was analyzed using restriction endonuclease, an enzyme that cuts DNA at specific restriction sites.
  • The DNA of the virus at different passage levels in cell cultures, as well as in Syrian hamsters, was compared through the observation of DNA fragments produced by the enzyme digestion.

Research Findings

  • After 100 sequential passages in equine cells, the restriction profiles of the DNAs remained unchanged. This implies that the genetic structure of EHV-1 proved to be stable when subjected to multiple passages in equine cells under lab conditions.
  • However, when the virus was subjected to serial passage in cells of non-equine origin and in hamsters, alterations in the viral DNA quickly emerged.
  • The observed changes during serial virus passage in non-equine cells or animals can be explained by sequence additions or deletions to the existing restriction fragments. This resulted in variation in the genetic makeup of the virus, as evidenced by the changes in their electrophoretic mobilities – a technique to separate DNA, RNA, or protein molecules by their size and charge.

Conclusion and Potential Implications

  • The study suggests that the stability of the EHV-1 virus’s genetic makeup can be influenced by the type of environment it is subjected to.
  • These findings can have significant implications in understanding the behavior of this virus when it interacts with different types of cells. This could aid in creating treatments that effectively target the virus.
  • The findings also shed light on how environmental conditions can influence the genetic stability and evolution of other viruses, contributing to the broader field of virology.

Cite This Article

APA
Allen GP, Yeargan MR, Bryans JT. (1983). Alterations in the equine herpesvirus 1 genome after in vitro and in vivo virus passage. Infect Immun, 40(1), 436-439. https://doi.org/10.1128/iai.40.1.436-439.1983

Publication

Infection and immunity
ISSN: 0019-9567
NlmUniqueID: 0246127
Country: United States
Language: English
Volume: 40
Issue: 1
Pages: 436-439

Researcher Affiliations

Allen, G P
    Yeargan, M R
      Bryans, J T

        MeSH Terms

        • Animals
        • Cricetinae
        • DNA Restriction Enzymes / metabolism
        • Genes, Viral
        • Herpesviridae Infections / genetics
        • Herpesviridae Infections / microbiology
        • Herpesvirus 1, Equid / genetics
        • Herpesvirus 1, Equid / growth & development
        • Horses
        • Mesocricetus

        References

        This article includes 15 references
        1. Turtinen LW, Allen GP, Darlington RW, Bryans JT. Serologic and molecular comparisons of several equine herpesvirus type 1 strains.. Am J Vet Res 1981 Dec;42(12):2099-104.
          pubmed: 6280520
        2. DOLL ER, WALLACE ME. Cultivation of equine abortion and equine influenza viruses on the chorioallantoic membrane of chicken embryos.. Cornell Vet 1954 Oct;44(4):453-61.
          pubmed: 13200094
        3. Tamashiro JC, Hock LJ, Spector DH. Construction of a cloned library of the EcoRI fragments from the human cytomegalovirus genome (strain AD169).. J Virol 1982 May;42(2):547-57.
          pubmed: 6283172doi: 10.1128/JVI.42.2.547-557.1982google scholar: lookup
        4. Whalley JM, Robertson GR, Davison AJ. Analysis of the genome of equine herpesvirus type 1: arrangement of cleavage sites for restriction endonucleases EcoRI, BglII and BamHI.. J Gen Virol 1981 Dec;57(Pt 2):307-23.
          pubmed: 6275028doi: 10.1099/0022-1317-57-2-307google scholar: lookup
        5. Hirai K, Ikuta K, Kato S. Structural changes in the DNA of Marek's disease virus during serial passage in cultured cells.. Virology 1981 Dec;115(2):385-9.
          pubmed: 6274089doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(81)90119-7google scholar: lookup
        6. Hayward GS, Frenkel N, Roizman B. Anatomy of herpes simplex virus DNA: strain differences and heterogeneity in the locations of restriction endonuclease cleavage sites.. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1975 May;72(5):1768-72.
          pubmed: 168574doi: 10.1073/pnas.72.5.1768google scholar: lookup
        7. Roizman B, Tognon M. Restriction enzyme analysis of herpesvirus DNA: stability of restriction endonuclease patterns.. Lancet 1982 Mar 20;1(8273):677.
          pubmed: 6121981
        8. Lonsdale DM, Brown SM, Lang J, Subak-Sharpe JH, Koprowski H, Warren KG. Variations in herpes simplex virus isolated from human ganglia and a study of clonal variation in HSV-1.. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1980;354:291-308.
          pubmed: 6261648doi: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1980.tb27973.xgoogle scholar: lookup
        9. Warren KG, Koprowski H, Lonsdale DM, Brown SM, Subak-Sharpe JH. The polypeptide and the DNA restriction enzyme profiles of spontaneous isolates of herpes simplex virus type 1 from explants of human trigeminal, superior cervical and vagus ganglia.. J Gen Virol 1979 Apr;43(1):151-71.
          pubmed: 225415doi: 10.1099/0022-1317-43-1-151google scholar: lookup
        10. Buchman TG, Roizman B, Adams G, Stover BH. Restriction endonuclease fingerprinting of herpes simplex virus DNA: a novel epidemiological tool applied to a nosocomial outbreak.. J Infect Dis 1978 Oct;138(4):488-98.
          pubmed: 213496doi: 10.1093/infdis/138.4.488google scholar: lookup
        11. Henry BE, Robinson RA, Dauenhauer SA, Atherton SS, Hayward GS, O'Callaghan DJ. Structure of the genome of equine herpesvirus type 1.. Virology 1981 Nov;115(1):97-114.
          pubmed: 6270904doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(81)90092-1google scholar: lookup
        12. Huang ES, Huong SM, Tegtmeier GE, Alford C. Cytomegalovirus: genetic variation of viral genomes.. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1980;354:332-46.
          pubmed: 6261651doi: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1980.tb27976.xgoogle scholar: lookup
        13. DOLL ER, BRYANS JT, MCCOLLUM WH, CROWE EW. Propagation of equine abortion virus in Syrian hamsters.. Cornell Vet 1956 Jan;46(1):68-82.
          pubmed: 13277325
        14. Zweerink HJ, Morton DH, Stanton LW, Neff BJ. Restriction endonuclease analysis of the DNA from varicella-zoster virus: stability of the DNA after passage in vitro.. J Gen Virol 1981 Jul;55(Pt 1):207-11.
          pubmed: 6271904doi: 10.1099/0022-1317-55-1-207google scholar: lookup
        15. Allen GP, Yeargan MR, Turtinen LW, Bryans JT, McCollum WH. Molecular epizootiologic studies of equine herpesvirus-1 infections by restriction endonuclease fingerprinting of viral DNA.. Am J Vet Res 1983 Feb;44(2):263-71.
          pubmed: 6299145

        Citations

        This article has been cited 13 times.
        1. Bryant NA, Wilkie GS, Russell CA, Compston L, Grafham D, Clissold L, McLay K, Medcalf L, Newton R, Davison AJ, Elton DM. Genetic diversity of equine herpesvirus 1 isolated from neurological, abortigenic and respiratory disease outbreaks. Transbound Emerg Dis 2018 Jun;65(3):817-832.
          doi: 10.1111/tbed.12809pubmed: 29423949google scholar: lookup
        2. Izume S, Kirisawa R, Ohya K, Ohnuma A, Kimura T, Omatsu T, Katayama Y, Mizutani T, Fukushi H. The full genome sequences of 8 equine herpesvirus type 4 isolates from horses in Japan. J Vet Med Sci 2017 Jan 24;79(1):206-212.
          doi: 10.1292/jvms.16-0506pubmed: 27840393google scholar: lookup
        3. Kim SK, Shakya AK, O'Callaghan DJ. Immunization with Attenuated Equine Herpesvirus 1 Strain KyA Induces Innate Immune Responses That Protect Mice from Lethal Challenge. J Virol 2016 Sep 15;90(18):8090-104.
          doi: 10.1128/JVI.00986-16pubmed: 27356904google scholar: lookup
        4. Nugent J, Birch-Machin I, Smith KC, Mumford JA, Swann Z, Newton JR, Bowden RJ, Allen GP, Davis-Poynter N. Analysis of equid herpesvirus 1 strain variation reveals a point mutation of the DNA polymerase strongly associated with neuropathogenic versus nonneuropathogenic disease outbreaks. J Virol 2006 Apr;80(8):4047-60.
          doi: 10.1128/JVI.80.8.4047-4060.2006pubmed: 16571821google scholar: lookup
        5. Smith PM, Kahan SM, Rorex CB, von Einem J, Osterrieder N, O'Callaghan DJ. Expression of the full-length form of gp2 of equine herpesvirus 1 (EHV-1) completely restores respiratory virulence to the attenuated EHV-1 strain KyA in CBA mice. J Virol 2005 Apr;79(8):5105-15.
          doi: 10.1128/JVI.79.8.5105-5115.2005pubmed: 15795295google scholar: lookup
        6. Kirisawa R, Ohmori H, Iwai H, Kawakami Y. The genomic diversity among equine herpesvirus-1 strains isolated in Japan. Arch Virol 1993;129(1-4):11-22.
          doi: 10.1007/BF01316881pubmed: 8385910google scholar: lookup
        7. Bonass WA, Hudson WA, Elton DM, Killington RA, Halliburton IW. Inter- and intra-strain genomic variation in equine herpesvirus type 1 isolates. Arch Virol 1994;134(1-2):169-78.
          doi: 10.1007/BF01379115pubmed: 8279952google scholar: lookup
        8. Hudson JB. Animal viruses of economic importance: genetic variation, persistence, and prospects for their control. Pharmacol Ther 1985;30(2):115-226.
          doi: 10.1016/0163-7258(85)90033-6pubmed: 3939479google scholar: lookup
        9. Allen GP, Yeargan MR. Use of lambda gt11 and monoclonal antibodies to map the genes for the six major glycoproteins of equine herpesvirus 1. J Virol 1987 Aug;61(8):2454-61.
          doi: 10.1128/JVI.61.8.2454-2461.1987pubmed: 3037108google scholar: lookup
        10. Studdert MJ, Fitzpatrick DR, Browning GF, Cullinane AA, Whalley JM. Equine herpesvirus genomes: heterogeneity of naturally occurring type 4 isolates and of a type 1 isolate after heterologous cell passage. Arch Virol 1986;91(3-4):375-81.
          doi: 10.1007/BF01314296pubmed: 3022687google scholar: lookup
        11. Kinchington PR, Remenick J, Ostrove JM, Straus SE, Ruyechan WT, Hay J. Putative glycoprotein gene of varicella-zoster virus with variable copy numbers of a 42-base-pair repeat sequence has homology to herpes simplex virus glycoprotein C. J Virol 1986 Sep;59(3):660-8.
          doi: 10.1128/JVI.59.3.660-668.1986pubmed: 3016329google scholar: lookup
        12. Casey TA, Ruyechan WT, Flora MN, Reinhold W, Straus SE, Hay J. Fine mapping and sequencing of a variable segment in the inverted repeat region of varicella-zoster virus DNA. J Virol 1985 May;54(2):639-42.
          doi: 10.1128/JVI.54.2.639-642.1985pubmed: 2985828google scholar: lookup
        13. García-Barreno B, Sanz A, Nogal ML, Viñuela E, Enjuanes L. Monoclonal antibodies of African swine fever virus: antigenic differences among field virus isolates and viruses passaged in cell culture. J Virol 1986 May;58(2):385-92.
          doi: 10.1128/JVI.58.2.385-392.1986pubmed: 2422393google scholar: lookup
        Subscribe to our newsletter
        Join 99,359 horse owners like you who receive our email updates on horse health and nutrition.