Amino acid sequences of haemagglutinins of influenza viruses of the H3 subtype isolated from horses.
Abstract: The amino acid sequence of the haemagglutinin of A/equine/Miami/63 (H3N8), the prototype influenza virus of the H3 subtype from horses, is deduced from the nucleotide sequence of virus RNA and compared with the sequences of haemagglutinins of viruses of this subtype isolated from humans [X-31 (H3N2)] and from birds [A/duck/Ukraine/63 (H3N8)] and with the sequence of the haemagglutinin of A/equine/Fontainebleau/79 (H3N8) a virus isolated from a recent outbreak of equine influenza. The amino acid sequence differences detected are discussed with reference to the structure of the molecules, their antigenicity and antigenic drift in influenza viruses viruses isolated from horses.
Publication Date: 1985-03-01 PubMed ID: 3973560DOI: 10.1099/0022-1317-66-3-457Google Scholar: Lookup
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- Comparative Study
- Journal Article
- Research Support
- Non-U.S. Gov't
- Research Support
- U.S. Gov't
- Non-P.H.S.
- Research Support
- U.S. Gov't
- P.H.S.
Summary
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The researchers examined the amino acid sequence of a specific influenza virus, H3 subtype, found in horses and compared it to similar viruses found in humans and birds, recognizing some differences that could be significant to the structuring and antigen performance of these viruses.
Deciphering the Amino Acid Sequence
- The study centered on understanding the composition of the haemagglutinin of A/equine/Miami/63 (H3N8), an influenza virus of the H3 subtype found in horses.
- They achieved this by deducing the amino acid sequence from the nucleotide sequence of virus RNA. In simple terms, the nucleotide sequence is a way to understand the genetic code of an organism, and the amino acid sequence is a derivative of that – essentially a blueprint of the proteins built by the organisms.
Comparison with Other Sequences
- The discovered sequence was then compared to the haemagglutinins of viruses of the same subtype but sourced from humans and birds, specifically X-31 (H3N2) and A/duck/Ukraine/63 (H3N8) respectively. Additionally, it was compared with the sequence of the haemagglutinin of A/equine/Fontainebleau/79 (H3N8), which was isolated from a recent outbreak of equine influenza.
- This form of comparative study is crucial in the understanding of the evolutionary history of influenza viruses, as well as the mechanisms that may contribute to the spread of diseases across species.
Analysis of Differences
- Upon comparison, differences in the amino acid sequences were detected. These differences are presumed to be significant in that they affect the structure of the viral molecules and their antigenicity. Antigenicity is a measure of the ability of a substance, such as a virus, to stimulate an immune response.
- The researchers discussed these differences in relation to the concept of antigenic drift in influenza viruses. Antigenic drift is a process of genetic variation in viruses involving the accumulation of mutations in the genes that code for antibody-binding sites. This can lead to the virus becoming unrecognizable to the immune system and therefore more potent.
- These findings could be invaluable in understanding how the H3 subtype influenza virus evolves, adapts, and triggers an immune response, thereby providing insights into potential future vaccine developments.
Cite This Article
APA
Daniels RS, Skehel JJ, Wiley DC.
(1985).
Amino acid sequences of haemagglutinins of influenza viruses of the H3 subtype isolated from horses.
J Gen Virol, 66 ( Pt 3), 457-464.
https://doi.org/10.1099/0022-1317-66-3-457 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
MeSH Terms
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Animals
- Hemagglutinins, Viral
- Humans
- Influenza A virus / genetics
- Influenza A virus / immunology
- RNA, Viral / genetics
- Species Specificity
Grant Funding
- AI 13654 / NIAID NIH HHS
Citations
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