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Veterinary immunology and immunopathology2012; 149(1-2); 76-85; doi: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2012.06.009

An African horse sickness virus serotype 4 recombinant canarypox virus vaccine elicits specific cell-mediated immune responses in horses.

Abstract: A recombinant canarypox virus vectored vaccine co-expressing synthetic genes encoding outer capsid proteins, VP2 and VP5, of African horse sickness virus (AHSV) serotype 4 (ALVAC(®)-AHSV4) has been demonstrated to fully protect horses against homologous challenge with virulent field virus. Guthrie et al. (2009) detected weak and variable titres of neutralizing antibody (ranging from <10 to 40) 8 weeks after vaccination leading us to hypothesize that there could be a participation of cell mediated immunity (CMI) in protection against AHSV4. The present study aimed at characterizing the CMI induced by the experimental ALVAC(®)-AHSV4 vaccine. Six horses received two vaccinations twenty-eight days apart and three horses remained unvaccinated. The detection of VP2/VP5 specific IFN-γ responses was assessed by enzyme linked immune spot (ELISpot) assay and clearly demonstrated that all ALVAC(®)-AHSV4 vaccinated horses developed significant IFN-γ production compared to unvaccinated horses. More detailed immune responses obtained by flow cytometry demonstrated that ALVAC(®)-AHSV4 vaccinations induced immune cells, mainly CD8(+) T cells, able to recognize multiple T-epitopes through all VP2 and only the N-terminus sequence of VP5. Neither VP2 nor VP5 specific IFN-γ responses were detected in unvaccinated horses. Overall, our data demonstrated that an experimental recombinant canarypox based vaccine induced significant CMI specific for both VP2 and VP5 proteins of AHSV4.
Copyright © 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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Publication Date: 2012-06-15 PubMed ID: 22763149DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2012.06.009Google Scholar: Lookup
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  • Journal Article
  • Randomized Controlled Trial

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This research article studies a recombinant canarypox virus vaccine that can combat African horse sickness virus (AHSV) in horses. The study explores the cell-mediated immunity (CMI) triggered in the vaccinated horses and how it effectively aids in fighting off AHSV.

Objective and Methodology:

  • The research was meant to delve into how a new vaccine based on the recombinant canarypox virus that expresses synthetic genes associated with specific proteins of the African horse sickness virus works to induce a certain immune response, namely cell-mediated immunity, in horses.
  • The researchers carried out their study using a group of six horses who received two vaccinations twenty-eight days apart and a control group of three horses who were not vaccinated.

Vaccine Efficacy and Cell-Mediated Immunity:

  • The vaccine, ALVAC(®)-AHSV4, generated significant production of IFN-γ, a substance that mediates immune responses, in the vaccinated horses, in stark contrast to the unvaccinated ones. This IFN-γ response correlates with the activation of cell-mediated immunity.
  • Synthesized genes that relate to VP2 and VP5, the outer capsid proteins of the African horse sickness virus, were expressed in the vaccine. The cell-mediated immunity instigated by the vaccine recognized these proteins across all VP2 and only at the N-terminus sequence of VP5.

Findings and Conclusion:

  • The results showed that in all the vaccinated horses, the vaccine induced immune cells, predominantly CD8(+) T cells, to recognize multiple T-epitopes across all VP2 and the N-terminus sequence of VP5, a phenomenon not observed in the controls. These T cells play a vital role in fighting viruses and other pathogens.
  • The researchers conclude from their findings that the experimental canarypox-based vaccine activates significant cell-mediated immunity that is specific to both VP2 and VP5 proteins of the African horse sickness virus, thereby offering effective protection against this debilitating equine disease.

Cite This Article

APA
El Garch H, Crafford JE, Amouyal P, Durand PY, Edlund Toulemonde C, Lemaitre L, Cozette V, Guthrie A, Minke JM. (2012). An African horse sickness virus serotype 4 recombinant canarypox virus vaccine elicits specific cell-mediated immune responses in horses. Vet Immunol Immunopathol, 149(1-2), 76-85. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetimm.2012.06.009

Publication

Veterinary immunology and immunopathology
ISSN: 1873-2534
NlmUniqueID: 8002006
Country: Netherlands
Language: English
Volume: 149
Issue: 1-2
Pages: 76-85

Researcher Affiliations

El Garch, H
  • Merial S.A.S., R&D, Lyon, France. hanane.elgarch@merial.com
Crafford, J E
    Amouyal, P
      Durand, P Y
        Edlund Toulemonde, C
          Lemaitre, L
            Cozette, V
              Guthrie, A
                Minke, J M

                  MeSH Terms

                  • African Horse Sickness / immunology
                  • African Horse Sickness / prevention & control
                  • African Horse Sickness Virus / genetics
                  • African Horse Sickness Virus / immunology
                  • Animals
                  • Canarypox virus / genetics
                  • Capsid Proteins / genetics
                  • Capsid Proteins / immunology
                  • Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
                  • Female
                  • Flow Cytometry / veterinary
                  • Horses
                  • Immunity, Cellular / immunology
                  • Immunization / veterinary
                  • Interferon-gamma / blood
                  • Male
                  • Vaccines, Synthetic / administration & dosage
                  • Vaccines, Synthetic / genetics
                  • Vaccines, Synthetic / immunology
                  • Viral Vaccines / administration & dosage
                  • Viral Vaccines / genetics
                  • Viral Vaccines / immunology

                  Citations

                  This article has been cited 14 times.
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                  12. Alberca B, Bachanek-Bankowska K, Cabana M, Calvo-Pinilla E, Viaplana E, Frost L, Gubbins S, Urniza A, Mertens P, Castillo-Olivares J. Vaccination of horses with a recombinant modified vaccinia Ankara virus (MVA) expressing African horse sickness (AHS) virus major capsid protein VP2 provides complete clinical protection against challenge. Vaccine 2014 Jun 17;32(29):3670-4.
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                  14. de la Poza F, Calvo-Pinilla E, López-Gil E, Marín-López A, Mateos F, Castillo-Olivares J, Lorenzo G, Ortego J. Ns1 is a key protein in the vaccine composition to protect Ifnar(-/-) mice against infection with multiple serotypes of African horse sickness virus. PLoS One 2013;8(7):e70197.
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