An African horse sickness virus serotype 4 recombinant canarypox virus vaccine elicits specific cell-mediated immune responses in horses.
Abstract: A recombinant canarypox virus vectored vaccine co-expressing synthetic genes encoding outer capsid proteins, VP2 and VP5, of African horse sickness virus (AHSV) serotype 4 (ALVAC(®)-AHSV4) has been demonstrated to fully protect horses against homologous challenge with virulent field virus. Guthrie et al. (2009) detected weak and variable titres of neutralizing antibody (ranging from <10 to 40) 8 weeks after vaccination leading us to hypothesize that there could be a participation of cell mediated immunity (CMI) in protection against AHSV4. The present study aimed at characterizing the CMI induced by the experimental ALVAC(®)-AHSV4 vaccine. Six horses received two vaccinations twenty-eight days apart and three horses remained unvaccinated. The detection of VP2/VP5 specific IFN-γ responses was assessed by enzyme linked immune spot (ELISpot) assay and clearly demonstrated that all ALVAC(®)-AHSV4 vaccinated horses developed significant IFN-γ production compared to unvaccinated horses. More detailed immune responses obtained by flow cytometry demonstrated that ALVAC(®)-AHSV4 vaccinations induced immune cells, mainly CD8(+) T cells, able to recognize multiple T-epitopes through all VP2 and only the N-terminus sequence of VP5. Neither VP2 nor VP5 specific IFN-γ responses were detected in unvaccinated horses. Overall, our data demonstrated that an experimental recombinant canarypox based vaccine induced significant CMI specific for both VP2 and VP5 proteins of AHSV4.
Copyright © 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Publication Date: 2012-06-15 PubMed ID: 22763149DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2012.06.009Google Scholar: Lookup
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- Journal Article
- Randomized Controlled Trial
Summary
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This research article studies a recombinant canarypox virus vaccine that can combat African horse sickness virus (AHSV) in horses. The study explores the cell-mediated immunity (CMI) triggered in the vaccinated horses and how it effectively aids in fighting off AHSV.
Objective and Methodology:
- The research was meant to delve into how a new vaccine based on the recombinant canarypox virus that expresses synthetic genes associated with specific proteins of the African horse sickness virus works to induce a certain immune response, namely cell-mediated immunity, in horses.
- The researchers carried out their study using a group of six horses who received two vaccinations twenty-eight days apart and a control group of three horses who were not vaccinated.
Vaccine Efficacy and Cell-Mediated Immunity:
- The vaccine, ALVAC(®)-AHSV4, generated significant production of IFN-γ, a substance that mediates immune responses, in the vaccinated horses, in stark contrast to the unvaccinated ones. This IFN-γ response correlates with the activation of cell-mediated immunity.
- Synthesized genes that relate to VP2 and VP5, the outer capsid proteins of the African horse sickness virus, were expressed in the vaccine. The cell-mediated immunity instigated by the vaccine recognized these proteins across all VP2 and only at the N-terminus sequence of VP5.
Findings and Conclusion:
- The results showed that in all the vaccinated horses, the vaccine induced immune cells, predominantly CD8(+) T cells, to recognize multiple T-epitopes across all VP2 and the N-terminus sequence of VP5, a phenomenon not observed in the controls. These T cells play a vital role in fighting viruses and other pathogens.
- The researchers conclude from their findings that the experimental canarypox-based vaccine activates significant cell-mediated immunity that is specific to both VP2 and VP5 proteins of the African horse sickness virus, thereby offering effective protection against this debilitating equine disease.
Cite This Article
APA
El Garch H, Crafford JE, Amouyal P, Durand PY, Edlund Toulemonde C, Lemaitre L, Cozette V, Guthrie A, Minke JM.
(2012).
An African horse sickness virus serotype 4 recombinant canarypox virus vaccine elicits specific cell-mediated immune responses in horses.
Vet Immunol Immunopathol, 149(1-2), 76-85.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetimm.2012.06.009 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Merial S.A.S., R&D, Lyon, France. hanane.elgarch@merial.com
MeSH Terms
- African Horse Sickness / immunology
- African Horse Sickness / prevention & control
- African Horse Sickness Virus / genetics
- African Horse Sickness Virus / immunology
- Animals
- Canarypox virus / genetics
- Capsid Proteins / genetics
- Capsid Proteins / immunology
- Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
- Female
- Flow Cytometry / veterinary
- Horses
- Immunity, Cellular / immunology
- Immunization / veterinary
- Interferon-gamma / blood
- Male
- Vaccines, Synthetic / administration & dosage
- Vaccines, Synthetic / genetics
- Vaccines, Synthetic / immunology
- Viral Vaccines / administration & dosage
- Viral Vaccines / genetics
- Viral Vaccines / immunology
Citations
This article has been cited 14 times.- Ma X, Zhang M, Zhang X, Qi T, Zhang W, Zhao Y, Na L, Zhang Y, Wang XF, Wang X. Construction and Immunogenicity Evaluation of a Recombinant Fowlpox Virus Expressing VP2 Gene of African Horse Sickness Virus Serotype 1. Microorganisms 2025 Dec 9;13(12).
- Castillo-Olivares J. African horse sickness in Thailand: Challenges of controlling an outbreak by vaccination. Equine Vet J 2021 Jan;53(1):9-14.
- Calvo-Pinilla E, Marín-López A, Utrilla-Trigo S, Jiménez-Cabello L, Ortego J. Reverse genetics approaches: a novel strategy for African horse sickness virus vaccine design. Curr Opin Virol 2020 Oct;44:49-56.
- Rutkowska DA, Mokoena NB, Tsekoa TL, Dibakwane VS, O'Kennedy MM. Plant-produced chimeric virus-like particles - a new generation vaccine against African horse sickness. BMC Vet Res 2019 Dec 3;15(1):432.
- Dennis SJ, Meyers AE, Hitzeroth II, Rybicki EP. African Horse Sickness: A Review of Current Understanding and Vaccine Development. Viruses 2019 Sep 11;11(9).
- Aksular M, Calvo-Pinilla E, Marín-López A, Ortego J, Chambers AC, King LA, Castillo-Olivares J. A single dose of African horse sickness virus (AHSV) VP2 based vaccines provides complete clinical protection in a mouse model. Vaccine 2018 Nov 12;36(46):7003-7010.
- Calvo-Pinilla E, Gubbins S, Mertens P, Ortego J, Castillo-Olivares J. The immunogenicity of recombinant vaccines based on modified Vaccinia Ankara (MVA) viruses expressing African horse sickness virus VP2 antigens depends on the levels of expressed VP2 protein delivered to the host. Antiviral Res 2018 Jun;154:132-139.
- Dennis SJ, Meyers AE, Guthrie AJ, Hitzeroth II, Rybicki EP. Immunogenicity of plant-produced African horse sickness virus-like particles: implications for a novel vaccine. Plant Biotechnol J 2018 Feb;16(2):442-450.
- van de Water SG, van Gennip RG, Potgieter CA, Wright IM, van Rijn PA. VP2 Exchange and NS3/NS3a Deletion in African Horse Sickness Virus (AHSV) in Development of Disabled Infectious Single Animal Vaccine Candidates for AHSV. J Virol 2015 Sep;89(17):8764-72.
- Sánchez-Sampedro L, Perdiguero B, Mejías-Pérez E, García-Arriaza J, Di Pilato M, Esteban M. The evolution of poxvirus vaccines. Viruses 2015 Apr 7;7(4):1726-803.
- Calvo-Pinilla E, de la Poza F, Gubbins S, Mertens PP, Ortego J, Castillo-Olivares J. Antiserum from mice vaccinated with modified vaccinia Ankara virus expressing African horse sickness virus (AHSV) VP2 provides protection when it is administered 48h before, or 48h after challenge. Antiviral Res 2015 Apr;116:27-33.
- Alberca B, Bachanek-Bankowska K, Cabana M, Calvo-Pinilla E, Viaplana E, Frost L, Gubbins S, Urniza A, Mertens P, Castillo-Olivares J. Vaccination of horses with a recombinant modified vaccinia Ankara virus (MVA) expressing African horse sickness (AHS) virus major capsid protein VP2 provides complete clinical protection against challenge. Vaccine 2014 Jun 17;32(29):3670-4.
- Bachanek-Bankowska K, Maan S, Castillo-Olivares J, Manning NM, Maan NS, Potgieter AC, Di Nardo A, Sutton G, Batten C, Mertens PP. Real time RT-PCR assays for detection and typing of African horse sickness virus. PLoS One 2014;9(4):e93758.
- de la Poza F, Calvo-Pinilla E, López-Gil E, Marín-López A, Mateos F, Castillo-Olivares J, Lorenzo G, Ortego J. Ns1 is a key protein in the vaccine composition to protect Ifnar(-/-) mice against infection with multiple serotypes of African horse sickness virus. PLoS One 2013;8(7):e70197.
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