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Home / Equine Research Bank / Retrovirology / An EIAV field isolate reveals much higher levels of subtype ...
Retrovirology2009; 6; 95; doi: 10.1186/1742-4690-6-95

An EIAV field isolate reveals much higher levels of subtype variability than currently reported for the equine lentivirus family.

Abstract: Equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV), a lentivirus that infects horses, has been utilized as an animal model for the study of HIV. Furthermore, the disease associated with the equine lentivirus poses a significant challenge to veterinary medicine around the world. As with all lentiviruses, EIAV has been shown to have a high propensity for genomic sequence and antigenic variation, especially in its envelope (Env) proteins. Recent studies have demonstrated Env variation to be a major determinant of vaccine efficacy, emphasizing the importance of defining natural variation among field isolates of EIAV. To date, however, published EIAV sequences have been reported only for cell-adapted strains of virus, predominantly derived from a single primary virus isolate, EIAVWyoming (EIAVWY). Results: We present here the first characterization of the Env protein of a natural primary isolate from Pennsylvania (EIAVPA) since the widely utilized and referenced EIAVWY strain. The data demonstrated that the level of EIAVPA Env amino acid sequence variation, approximately 40% as compared to EIAVWY, is much greater than current perceptions or published reports of natural EIAV variation between field isolates. This variation did not appear to give rise to changes in the predicted secondary structure of the proteins. While the EIAVPA Env was serologically cross reactive with the Env proteins of the cell-adapted reference strain, EIAVPV (derivative of EIAVWY), the two variant Envs were shown to lack any cross neutralization by immune serum from horses infected with the respective virus strains. Conclusions: Taking into account the significance of serum neutralization to universal vaccine efficacy, these findings are crucial considerations towards successful EIAV vaccine development and the potential inclusion of field isolate Envs in vaccine candidates.
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Publication Date: 2009-10-20 PubMed ID: 19843328PubMed Central: PMC2770520DOI: 10.1186/1742-4690-6-95Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research explores the equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV) and reveals a much higher level of subtype variability than currently reported in this member of the equine lentivirus family, which is pertinent information for developing successful vaccines.

Background on Equine Infectious Anemia Virus (EIAV)

  • EIAV is a lentivirus that infects horses and has been used as a model for studying HIV.
  • The disease caused by this equine lentivirus poses a significant worldwide challenge to veterinary medicine.
  • Like all lentiviruses, EIAV is known for its high propensity for genomic and antigenic variation, especially in its envelope (Env) proteins.
  • Recent studies have shown that Env variation is a major determinant of vaccine efficacy, making it crucial to define the natural variation among EIAV field isolates.

Scientific Insights from the Study

  • The research presents the first characterization of the Env protein from a natural primary isolate from Pennsylvania (EIAVPA) since the EIAVWyoming strain (EIAVWY), which is widely utilized and referenced.
  • The level of EIAVPA Env amino acid sequence variation is much larger than currently understood or reported, standing at approximately 40% in comparison to EIAVWY.
  • Despite this variation, changes do not seem to affect the predicted secondary structure of the proteins.
  • The research showed that while the EIAVPA Env is serologically cross-reactive with the Env proteins of the cell-adapted reference strain (EIAVPV, derived from EIAVWY), there was no cross-neutralization by immune serum from horses infected with the respective virus strains.

Significance of the Findings

  • The study’s findings carry essential implications for EIAV vaccine development, given the significant role of serum neutralization for universal vaccine efficacy.
  • These insights emphasize the need for considering the incorporation of field isolate Envs into vaccine candidates.

Cite This Article

APA
Craigo JK, Barnes S, Zhang B, Cook SJ, Howe L, Issel CJ, Montelaro RC. (2009). An EIAV field isolate reveals much higher levels of subtype variability than currently reported for the equine lentivirus family. Retrovirology, 6, 95. https://doi.org/10.1186/1742-4690-6-95

Publication

Retrovirology
ISSN: 1742-4690
NlmUniqueID: 101216893
Country: England
Language: English
Volume: 6
Pages: 95

Researcher Affiliations

Craigo, Jodi K
  • Center for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA. craigoj@pitt.edu
Barnes, Shannon
    Zhang, Baoshan
      Cook, Sheila J
        Howe, Laryssa
          Issel, Charles J
            Montelaro, Ronald C

              MeSH Terms

              • Animals
              • Antibodies, Viral / immunology
              • Cross Reactions
              • Equine Infectious Anemia / virology
              • Genetic Variation
              • Horses
              • Infectious Anemia Virus, Equine / classification
              • Infectious Anemia Virus, Equine / genetics
              • Infectious Anemia Virus, Equine / immunology
              • Infectious Anemia Virus, Equine / isolation & purification
              • Pennsylvania
              • Protein Structure, Secondary
              • Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
              • Viral Envelope Proteins / genetics

              Grant Funding

              • R01 AI 25850 / NIAID NIH HHS
              • R01 AI025850-23 / NIAID NIH HHS
              • R01 AI025850 / NIAID NIH HHS
              • P41 RR006009 / NCRR NIH HHS
              • 2 P41 RR06009 / NCRR NIH HHS

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              Citations

              This article has been cited 6 times.
              1. Cervantes DT, Ball JM, Edwards J, Payne S. Horses naturally infected with EIAV harbor 2 distinct SU populations but are monophyletic with respect to IN.. Virus Genes 2016 Feb;52(1):71-80.
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              2. Ma J, Wang SS, Lin YZ, Liu HF, Liu Q, Wei HM, Wang XF, Wang YH, Du C, Kong XG, Zhou JH, Wang X. Infection of equine monocyte-derived macrophages with an attenuated equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV) strain induces a strong resistance to the infection by a virulent EIAV strain.. Vet Res 2014 Aug 9;45(1):82.
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              3. Craigo JK, Ezzelarab C, Cook SJ, Chong L, Horohov D, Issel CJ, Montelaro RC. Envelope determinants of equine lentiviral vaccine protection.. PLoS One 2013;8(6):e66093.
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              4. Craigo JK, Ezzelarab C, Montelaro RC. Development of a high throughput, semi-automated, infectious center cell-based ELISA for equine infectious anemia virus.. J Virol Methods 2012 Nov;185(2):221-7.
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              6. Craigo JK, Barnes S, Cook SJ, Issel CJ, Montelaro RC. Divergence, not diversity of an attenuated equine lentivirus vaccine strain correlates with protection from disease.. Vaccine 2010 Nov 29;28(51):8095-104.
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