An evaluation of apnea or spontaneous ventilation in early recovery following mechanical ventilation in the anesthetized horse.
Abstract: To compare arterial oxygen and carbon dioxide tensions in apneic and spontaneously ventilating horses recovering from anesthesia. Methods: Randomized clinical trial. Methods: Forty-two healthy horses averaging 466 ± 106 kg and 6 ± 5 years of age. Methods: Anesthetized horses undergoing a variety of surgical procedures and receiving positive pressure ventilation (IPPV) were divided into two equal groups. One group was allowed to return to spontaneous ventilation prior to disconnection from the anesthetic circuit (weaned). The other group remained apneic during transport to a recovery stall. Arterial blood gas data were collected at five time points: 20 minutes before moving to a recovery stall (t = - 20); at the time the anesthetic circuit was disconncted (t = 0); at 3 and 5 minutes post-disconnection (t = 3 and t = 5) and at the time of the first spontaneous breath (t = sv). The data were analyzed using an anova method for repeated measures and paired, two-tailed t-tests. Significance was assumed when p < 0.05. Results: The apneic group took a mean of 5 minutes 18 seconds (± 135 seconds) before starting spontaneous ventilation. This group maintained significantly higher PaO levels at intermediate time points (t = 0 and t = 3) but no difference was noted after 5 minutes. PaCO levels were higher in the weaned group at time 0 minutes, returning to a comparable level to the apneic group at t = 3 minutes. Conclusions: Horses can survive a short period of apnea during transport from the surgery suite to recovery stall and may benefit from a reduced incidence of transient hypoxemia compared with spontaneously ventilating horses. This information has practical implications for the anesthetist evaluating the options for discontinuing IPPV when horses are moved to a recovery stall.
Copyright © 2001 Association of Veterinary Anaesthetists and American College of Veterinary Anesthesia and Analgesia. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Publication Date: 2016-11-15 PubMed ID: 28403999DOI: 10.1046/j.1467-2995.2001.00015.xGoogle Scholar: Lookup
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- Journal Article
Summary
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This research evaluates the effects of apnea (temporary cessation of breathing) versus spontaneous ventilation during the recovery phase after anesthesia in horses. The results indicate that horses can survive a short period of apnea and may even benefit by experiencing less transient hypoxemia, a condition characterized by low oxygen level in blood.
Methods and Scope of the Study
- 42 healthy horses, with an average weight of 466 kg and age of 6 years, were studied.
- These horses were undergoing various surgical procedures and were put under anesthesia with positive pressure ventilation (IPPV), a technique to mechanically assist or replace spontaneous breathing.
- The horses were grouped into two equal fractions; the first group was allowed to return to spontaneous breathing before being disconnected from the anesthesia circuit (weaned group), while the second group stopped breathing (apnea) during the transfer to recovery.
- Arterial blood gas data were collected at different time points before and after disconnection from the anesthesia circuit to monitor the levels of oxygen (PaO) and carbon dioxide (PaCO).
- The collected data was then analyzed using analysis of variance (anova) method for repeated measures and paired, two-tailed t-tests to look for statistically significant differences between the two groups.
Results of the Study
- The horses in the apneic group took a mean time of around 5 minutes to start spontaneous breathing.
- These horses demonstrated significantly higher levels of oxygen in the blood at intermediate points (at disconnection and 3 minutes post the disconnection) as compared to the weaned group.
- The level of carbon dioxide was found to be higher in the weaned group at disconnection but equaled that in the apneic group after 3 minutes.
Conclusions and Implications
- According to the study, horses can tolerate a short period of paused breathing and may even potentially benefit by having a reduced rate of short-lived hypoxemia than those that start spontaneous breathing early.
- These findings could help anesthesia professionals in making crucial decisions about discontinuing IPPV when horses are being moved to recovery after anesthesia, and possibly reducing the incidences of hypoxemia.
Cite This Article
APA
Wright BD, Hildebrand SV.
(2016).
An evaluation of apnea or spontaneous ventilation in early recovery following mechanical ventilation in the anesthetized horse.
Vet Anaesth Analg, 28(1), 26-33.
https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1467-2995.2001.00015.x Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- University of California School of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, Davis, CA, USA.
- University of California School of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, Davis, CA, USA.
Citations
This article has been cited 2 times.- Gozalo-Marcilla M, Ringer SK. Recovery after General Anaesthesia in Adult Horses: A Structured Summary of the Literature.. Animals (Basel) 2021 Jun 14;11(6).
- Cerullo M, Driessen B, Douglas H, Hopster K. Changes in Arterial Blood Pressure and Oxygen Tension as a Result of Hoisting in Isoflurane Anesthetized Healthy Adult Horses.. Front Vet Sci 2020;7:601326.
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