An investigation into the prevalence and impact of breast pain, bra issues and breast size on female horse riders.
Abstract: For female horse riders, breast pain, bra issues and breast size may be important concerns which have yet to be considered. This study aimed to establish the prevalence of breast pain and bra issues in female horse riders and explores the impact of breast size on breast pain and bra issues. A 6-part, 32 question online survey was completed by 1324 females who participated in horse riding activities. Descriptive and chi-squared (χ) analyses were utilised; data for 1265 participants were included in the final analysis. Breast pain was experienced by 40% of all participants and this was significantly related to self-reported cup size (χ = 54.825, P < 0.001), increasing linearly. Breast pain was experienced most frequently during sitting trot and 21% of symptomatic participants reported that breast pain affected their horse riding performance. At least one bra issue was reported by 59% of participants; larger-breasted participants reported experiencing all bra issues more frequently than smaller-breasted participants (P < 0.001). These results demonstrate that educational initiatives are needed to ensure female horse riders are informed about appropriate bra fit and breast support during horse riding to increase comfort and help reduce the potential negative associations with performance.
Publication Date: 2016-07-25 PubMed ID: 27454814DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2016.1210818Google Scholar: Lookup
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- Journal Article
Summary
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This research explored how breast pain, bra discomforts, and breast size affect women who take part in horse riding activities. The study determined that a significant proportion of female horse riders experience breast pain and bra issues, which are more common in those with larger breasts, leading to a call for educational initiatives to improve bra fit and support.
Methodology and Participants
- The study involved the distribution of an online survey comprised of six parts with 32 questions. The survey received responses from 1,324 female horse riders.
- The data of 1,265 participants were finally included in the study after applying criteria for the data cleanliness.
- Statistical assessments were performed using descriptive and chi-square analyses. The chi-square test is used in statistics to test the independence of two events.
Key Findings
- About 40% of participants experienced breast pain, with a significant correlation observed between self-reported bra cup size and the degree of the pain experienced. The severity of the pain increased linearly with the size of the bra cup.
- Women who had larger breasts encountered every type of bra-related issue more frequently than those with smaller breasts. These issues were reported by around 59% of all the participants.
- The activity within horse riding that was associated with the most breast pain was the sitting trot.
- Approximately 21% of those who experienced symptoms asserted that their horse riding performance was affected by the breast pain.
Conclusion and Recommendations
- Findings from this study highlight that breast pain and ill-fitting bras are considerable issues for female equestrians, especially for those with larger breasts. This pain and discomfort can even impact their riding performance.
- The researchers suggest that efforts should be made to educate female horse riders about choosing the correct bra fit and ensuring proper support while horse riding. This could potentially increase their comfort and mitigate any negative effect on riding performance.
Cite This Article
APA
Burbage J, Cameron L.
(2016).
An investigation into the prevalence and impact of breast pain, bra issues and breast size on female horse riders.
J Sports Sci, 35(11), 1091-1097.
https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2016.1210818 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- a Department of Sport & Exercise Science , University of Portsmouth , Portsmouth , UK.
- b Faculty of Equine & Applied Animal Science , Sparsholt College , Winchester , UK.
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Breast / anatomy & histology
- Clothing
- Female
- Health Education
- Horses
- Humans
- Mastodynia / epidemiology
- Mastodynia / prevention & control
- Posture
- Prevalence
- Sports / physiology
- Surveys and Questionnaires
Citations
This article has been cited 6 times.- Montoro CI, Alcaraz MDC, Galvez-Sánchez CM. Experience of Pain and Unpleasantness during Mammography Screening: A Cross-Sectional Study on the Roles of Emotional, Cognitive, and Personality Factors. Behav Sci (Basel) 2023 May 4;13(5).
- Tajerian M, Garcia J. Garments and Footwear for Chronic Pain. Front Pain Res (Lausanne) 2021;2:757240.
- Paines E, Milligan G, Tipton M, Roberts A, Rawcliffe AJ, Burbage J. Establishing Suitable Bra Characteristics for Tactical Athletes: A Mixed-Method Multi-Study Approach. Sports Med 2025 Dec 15;.
- Brisbine BR, Mara JK, McKay AKA, Burke LM, McCormick R, Harris R, Minahan C, Ackerman KE, Coltman CE. How Do Fluctuations in Endogenous Sex Hormones Affect Breast Pain in Female Athletes?. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2025 Jul;35(7):e70101.
- Dang R, Stay S, McGhee DE. Breast-Related Issues in Community-Based Women's Rugby Union. Eur J Sport Sci 2025 Jul;25(7):e12334.
- Best R, Williams JM, Pearce J. The Physiological Requirements of and Nutritional Recommendations for Equestrian Riders. Nutrients 2023 Nov 30;15(23).
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