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Veterinary research communications2022; 47(2); 323-345; doi: 10.1007/s11259-022-10022-9

An updated insight on testicular hemodynamics: Environmental, physiological, and technical perspectives in farm and companion animals.

Abstract: In all organs, control of blood flow is important but might be particularly critical for testicular functions. This is because of the very low oxygen concentration and high metabolic rate of the seminiferous tubules, the physiological temperature of the testis, and its location outside the abdominal cavity. Many factors affect the characteristics of TBF in farm and companion animals, such as environment (thermal and seasonal effects) and physiological (species, breeds, age, body weight, and sexual maturity). Thermal environment stress has detrimental effects on spermatogenesis and consequently has more serious impacts on both human and animal fertility. Numerous studies have been performed to assess TBF in different animal species including bulls, rams, bucks, alpacas, stallions, and dogs with varied results. Hence, assessment of TBF by Doppler ultrasonography is of great importance to estimate the effect of high environment temperature on testicular functions. Also, differences observed in the TBF may result from different technical aspects such as the identification of the segment of the testicular artery to be examined. In the current review, we focused on the imperative roles of TBF in various animal species. Besides, we discussed in detail various factors that could affect TBF. These factors can significantly modify the TBF and thus should be considered when establishing reference values in farm animals for better clinical diagnosis. The information provided in this review is valuable for researchers and veterinarians to help them a better understanding of testicular hemodynamics for the proper evaluation of breeding soundness examination in males.
© 2022. The Author(s).
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Publication Date: 2022-11-18 PubMed ID: 36399315PubMed Central: PMC10209317DOI: 10.1007/s11259-022-10022-9Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research article provides in-depth information on how various environmental, physiological, and technical aspects influence testicular blood flow (TBF) in farm and companion animals. In the study, the importance of assessing TBF via Doppler ultrasonography is highlighted to understand the impact of high environmental temperatures on testicular functions.

Understanding Testicular Hemodynamics

  • The research focuses on the importance of blood flow control in all organs, and specifically testicular functions due to factors such as low oxygen concentration, high metabolic rate of seminiferous tubules, physiological temperature of the testis, and its location outside the abdominal cavity.
  • Studies have shown that TBF assessment has been conducted in various animal species including bulls, rams, bucks, alpacas, stallions, and dogs with a myriad of results highlighting the complex nature of TBF.
  • Using Doppler ultrasonography for TBF assessment is considerable essential for estimating the influence of high environmental temperature on testicular functions.

Factors Affecting Testicular Blood Flow

  • Environmental factors such as thermal and seasonal changes can impact TBF and adversely affect spermatogenesis, thereby introducing serious implications for human and animal fertility.
  • Physiological factors such as species, breeds, age, body weight, and sexual maturity of an animal can also impact the characteristics of TBF.
  • Technical aspects, including the identification of the particular segment of the testicular artery to be examined, can result in observed differences in TBF.

Implications of the Research

  • The research highlights the critical role of TBF, implying the necessity of considering various factors that could significantly modify TBF when establishing reference values in farm animals for improved clinical diagnosis.
  • The review also provides significant information for researchers and veterinarians to allow better understanding of testicular hemodynamics for the adequate evaluation of breeding soundness in males.

Cite This Article

APA
Samir H, ElSayed MI, Radwan F, Hedia M, Hendawy H, Hendawy AO, Elbadawy M, Watanabe G. (2022). An updated insight on testicular hemodynamics: Environmental, physiological, and technical perspectives in farm and companion animals. Vet Res Commun, 47(2), 323-345. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11259-022-10022-9

Publication

Veterinary research communications
ISSN: 1573-7446
NlmUniqueID: 8100520
Country: Switzerland
Language: English
Volume: 47
Issue: 2
Pages: 323-345

Researcher Affiliations

Samir, Haney
  • Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt. haneyvet360@cu.edu.eg.
ElSayed, Mohamed I
  • Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt.
Radwan, Faten
  • Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-Cho, Fuchu, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan.
  • Veterinarian graduated from the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Moshtohor, Toukh, 13736, Elqaliobiya, Egypt.
Hedia, Mohamed
  • Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt.
Hendawy, Hanan
  • Department of Veterinary Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41522, Egypt.
  • Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan.
Hendawy, Amin Omar
  • Department of Animal and Poultry Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Damanhour University, Damanhour, 22516, Egypt.
Elbadawy, Mohamed
  • Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Moshtohor, Toukh, 13736, Elqaliobiya, Egypt.
Watanabe, Gen
  • Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-Cho, Fuchu, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan.

MeSH Terms

  • Male
  • Animals
  • Sheep
  • Cattle
  • Horses
  • Humans
  • Dogs
  • Testis / diagnostic imaging
  • Testis / blood supply
  • Testis / physiology
  • Pets
  • Farms
  • Ultrasonography
  • Hemodynamics
  • Sheep, Domestic

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors state that there is no conflict of interest.

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Citations

This article has been cited 3 times.
  1. Samir H, El-Sherbiny HR, Ahmed AE, Ahmad Sindi R, Al Syaad KM, Abdelnaby EA. Administration of Estradiol Benzoate Enhances Ovarian and Uterine Hemodynamics in Postpartum Dairy Buffaloes.. Animals (Basel) 2023 Jul 18;13(14).
    doi: 10.3390/ani13142340pubmed: 37508117google scholar: lookup
  2. Venianaki AP, Barbagianni MS, Fthenakis GC, Galatos AD, Gouletsou PG. Doppler Examination of the Testicular Artery of Beagle-Breed Dogs from Birth to Puberty.. Tomography 2023 Jul 23;9(4):1408-1422.
    doi: 10.3390/tomography9040112pubmed: 37489480google scholar: lookup
  3. El-Sherbiny HR, El-Shalofy AS, Samir H. Association between body condition score, testicular haemodynamics and echogenicity, nitric oxide levels, and total antioxidant capacity in rams.. Ir Vet J 2023 Mar 9;76(1):7.
    doi: 10.1186/s13620-023-00235-ypubmed: 36895047google scholar: lookup
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