Analyses of quaternary ammonium drugs in horse urine by capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry.
Abstract: A capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry (CE-MS) method for the analysis of quaternary ammonium drugs in equine urine was developed. Quaternary ammonium drugs were first extracted from equine urine by ion-pair extraction and then analysed by CE-MS in the positive electrospray ionization (ESI) mode. Within 12 min, eight quaternary ammonium drugs, each at 1 ng/mL in horse urine, could be detected. The confirmation of these drugs in urine samples was achieved by capillary electrophoresis tandem mass spectrometry (CE-MS/MS). A direct comparison of this method was made with existing liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC-MS) methods in the detection and confirmation of glycopyrrolate and ipratropium bromide in horse urine. While the two drugs could be detected within the same CE-MS run at 1 ng/mL in urine, they could only be detected in separate LC-MS runs at 5 ng/mL in urine. In addition, CE-MS consumed a much smaller volume of extract; the analyte peak widths, in some cases, were much narrower; and as the quaternary ammonium ions were well separated electrophoretically from the mainly neutral urine matrix, a much cleaner background in the CE-MS total ion trace was observed.
Publication Date: 2001-08-16 PubMed ID: 11504053DOI: 10.1002/1522-2683(20017)22:11<2201::AID-ELPS2201>3.0.CO;2-SGoogle Scholar: Lookup
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- Comparative Study
- Journal Article
- Analytical Methods
- Capillaries
- Clinical Pathology
- Diagnosis
- Diagnostic Technique
- Disease Diagnosis
- Disease Treatment
- Drug
- Electrophoresis
- Equine Diseases
- Equine Health
- High-performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)
- Horses
- Laboratory Methods
- Pharmaceuticals
- Pharmacokinetics
- Urine Analysis
- Veterinary Medicine
- Veterinary Research
Summary
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The research article presents a new method of identifying some types of drugs, specifically quaternary ammonium drugs, in horse urine using a technique known as capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry (CE-MS). This method appears to be more efficient and sensitive than the existing liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC-MS) techniques.
Methodology and Results
- The researchers developed a process for analysing quaternary ammonium drugs in horse urine using capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry (CE-MS).
- These types of drugs were first extracted from the urine sample using an ion-pair extraction technique before undergoing CE-MS for analysis.
- The method demonstrated that eight quaternary ammonium drugs could be detected within just 12 minutes at a concentration of 1ng/mL in horse urine.
- The research used capillary electrophoresis tandem mass spectrometry (CE-MS/MS) to confirm the presence of these drugs in the urine samples.
Comparison with Existing Methods
- The researchers compared this new method with an existing technique called liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS).
- This comparison focused on the detection and confirmation of two quaternary ammonium drugs, glycopyrrolate and ipratropium bromide, in horse urine.
- While the new method (CE-MS) could detect both drugs in the same test run (at a concentration of 1ng/mL in urine), the existing method (LC-MS) could only detect each drug in separate runs and at a higher concentration of 5ng/mL in urine.
Advantages of the New Method
- The CE-MS method consumes much less volume of extract compared to LC-MS, making it more efficient.
- The tested drugs produced narrower peaks in some cases, which simplifies the analysis and leads to more accurate results.
- Since the quaternary ammonium ions were well-separated from the mainly neutral urine matrix during the CE-MS test, the background in the total ion trace was much cleaner. This again contributes to more accurate and reliable results.
Cite This Article
APA
Tang FP, Leung GN, Wan TS.
(2001).
Analyses of quaternary ammonium drugs in horse urine by capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry.
Electrophoresis, 22(11), 2201-2209.
https://doi.org/10.1002/1522-2683(20017)22:11<2201::AID-ELPS2201>3.0.CO;2-S Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Racing Laboratory, The Hong Kong Jockey Club, Shatin, PR China.
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Cholinergic Antagonists / urine
- Chromatography, Liquid / methods
- Doping in Sports
- Electrophoresis, Capillary / methods
- Glycopyrrolate / urine
- Horses / urine
- Ipratropium / urine
- Male
- Quaternary Ammonium Compounds / urine
- Reproducibility of Results
- Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization / methods
Citations
This article has been cited 1 times.- Ballard KD, Vickery WE, Nguyen LT, Diamond FX, Rieders F. An analytical strategy for quaternary ammonium neuromuscular blocking agents in a forensic setting using LC-MS/MS on a tandem quadrupole/time-of-flight instrument. J Am Soc Mass Spectrom 2006 Oct;17(10):1457-1468.
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