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Parasite immunology2019; 41(11); e12667; doi: 10.1111/pim.12667

Analysis of caecal mucosal inflammation and immune modulation during Anoplocephala perfoliata infection of horses.

Abstract: Anoplocephala perfoliata is the commonest equine tapeworm, the adult parasites are attached in groups close to the ileocaecal valve causing marked inflammatory pathology. This work aimed to characterize the nature of the in vivo mucosal immune response to A perfoliata, and to investigate the role of A perfoliata excretory-secretory components in modulating in vitro immune responses. Real-time PCR detected elevation of IL13 and TGFβ transcription in early-stage A perfoliata infection. In late-stage infection, IL-13, IL4 and Ifn transcripts were reduced while the regulatory cytokines, TGFβ, IL10 and the transcription factor FOXP3 were increased in tissue close to the site of A perfoliata attachment; indicating downregulation of T-cell responses to A perfoliata. In vitro, A perfoliata excretory-secretory products induced apoptosis of the Jurkat T-cell line and premature cell death of ConA stimulated equine peripheral blood leucocytes. Analysis of cytokine transcription patterns in the leucocyte cultures showed a marked inhibition of IL-1 and IL-2 suggesting that a lack of T-cell growth factor transcription underlies the mechanism of the induced equine T-cell death. These preliminary findings suggest A perfoliata may have the ability to down-regulate host T-cell responses.
© 2019 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
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Publication Date: 2019-08-24 PubMed ID: 31442318DOI: 10.1111/pim.12667Google Scholar: Lookup
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  • Journal Article
  • Research Support
  • Non-U.S. Gov't

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research paper discusses the investigation of the equine tapeworm Anoplocephala perfoliata’s impact on horses’ immune response and its role in inducing inflammatory disease in the horse’s caecal mucus lining. It also delves into the potential ability of excreted-secretory components of the tapeworm in regulating immune responses in a laboratory setting.

Objective of the Study

  • The study seeks to understand the type of mucosal immune response triggered in horses infected in vivo by the parasitic tapeworm Anoplocephala perfoliata.
  • It also aims to uncover how excretory-secretory components from A perfoliata can possibly manipulate immune responses in vitro.

Mucosal Immune Response to Anoplocephala perfoliata Infection

  • The study used real-time PCR to detect and measure certain cytokine transcriptions in the infected horses.
  • The researchers observed an increase in IL13 and TGFβ transcription during the early stages of A perfoliata infection. These are cytokines involved in immune response and inflammation.
  • In contrast, in late-stage infection, transcripts for IL-13, IL4, and Ifn were decreased, while regulatory elements such as TGFβ, IL10, and the transcription factor FOXP3 were increased around the tapeworm attachment site, suggesting a suppression of T-cell responses to A perfoliata.

Investigating the Role of A perfoliata Excretory-Secretory Components In Vitro

  • In this part of the study, the researchers used A perfoliata excretory-secretory products to observe their effect on cells in a controlled laboratory setting.
  • These products were found to induce cell apoptosis (programmed cell death) in the Jurkat T-cell line and to cause premature cell death in ConA stimulated equine peripheral blood leucocytes. Both results suggest cytotoxic properties.
  • The team also noted that IL-1 and IL-2 transcription in leucocyte cultures were significantly inhibited. These cytokines have a key role in T-cell activation and proliferation, which reinforces the theory of the tapeworm’s ability to downregulate T-cell immune responses.

Conclusion

  • The findings tentatively suggest that Anoplocephala perfoliata may have strategies to down-regulate host T-cell responses, potentially decreasing the horse’s ability to clear the parasite and facilitating chronic infection.
  • This initial indication can serve as a foundation for further research into the strategies used by parasites to manipulate host immune responses.

Cite This Article

APA
Lawson AL, Pittaway CE, Sparrow RM, Balkwill EC, Coles GC, Tilley A, Wilson AD. (2019). Analysis of caecal mucosal inflammation and immune modulation during Anoplocephala perfoliata infection of horses. Parasite Immunol, 41(11), e12667. https://doi.org/10.1111/pim.12667

Publication

Parasite immunology
ISSN: 1365-3024
NlmUniqueID: 7910948
Country: England
Language: English
Volume: 41
Issue: 11
Pages: e12667

Researcher Affiliations

Lawson, April L
  • School of Clinical Veterinary Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
Pittaway, Charles E
  • School of Clinical Veterinary Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
Sparrow, Richard M
  • School of Clinical Veterinary Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
Balkwill, Emily C
  • School of Clinical Veterinary Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
Coles, Gerald C
  • School of Clinical Veterinary Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
Tilley, Alice
  • School of Clinical Veterinary Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
Wilson, A Douglas
  • School of Clinical Veterinary Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.

MeSH Terms

  • Animals
  • Cecum / parasitology
  • Cestoda / immunology
  • Cestode Infections / immunology
  • Cestode Infections / veterinary
  • Forkhead Transcription Factors / genetics
  • Forkhead Transcription Factors / metabolism
  • Horse Diseases / immunology
  • Horse Diseases / parasitology
  • Horses / parasitology
  • Inflammation / immunology
  • Interleukin-1 / biosynthesis
  • Interleukin-10 / genetics
  • Interleukin-10 / immunology
  • Interleukin-13 / genetics
  • Interleukin-13 / immunology
  • Interleukin-2 / biosynthesis
  • Interleukin-4 / genetics
  • Interleukin-4 / immunology
  • Mucous Membrane / immunology
  • Mucous Membrane / parasitology
  • Mucous Membrane / pathology
  • T-Lymphocytes / immunology
  • Transforming Growth Factor beta / genetics
  • Transforming Growth Factor beta / metabolism

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Citations

This article has been cited 5 times.
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    doi: 10.3390/ani15142094pubmed: 40723557google scholar: lookup
  2. Northcote HM, Wititkornkul B, Cutress DJ, Allen ND, Brophy PM, Wonfor RE, Morphew RM. A dominance of Mu class glutathione transferases within the equine tapeworm Anoplocephala perfoliata. Parasitology 2024 Mar;151(3):282-294.
    doi: 10.1017/S0031182024000015pubmed: 38200699google scholar: lookup
  3. Burcáková L, Königová A, Kuzmina TA, Austin CJ, Matthews JB, Lightbody KL, Peczak NA, Syrota Y, Várady M. Equine tapeworm (Anoplocephala spp.) infection: evaluation of saliva- and serum-based antibody detection methods and risk factor analysis in Slovak horse populations. Parasitol Res 2023 Dec;122(12):3037-3052.
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