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Home / Equine Research Bank / Immunogenetics / Analysis of MHC class I genes across horse MHC haplotypes.
Immunogenetics2010; 62(3); 159-172; doi: 10.1007/s00251-009-0420-9

Analysis of MHC class I genes across horse MHC haplotypes.

Abstract: The genomic sequences of 15 horse major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I genes and a collection of MHC class I homozygous horses of five different haplotypes were used to investigate the genomic structure and polymorphism of the equine MHC. A combination of conserved and locus-specific primers was used to amplify horse MHC class I genes with classical and nonclassical characteristics. Multiple clones from each haplotype identified three to five classical sequences per homozygous animal and two to three nonclassical sequences. Phylogenetic analysis was applied to these sequences, and groups were identified which appear to be allelic series, but some sequences were left ungrouped. Sequences determined from MHC class I heterozygous horses and previously described MHC class I sequences were then added, representing a total of ten horse MHC haplotypes. These results were consistent with those obtained from the MHC homozygous horses alone, and 30 classical sequences were assigned to four previously confirmed loci and three new provisional loci. The nonclassical genes had few alleles and the classical genes had higher levels of allelic polymorphism. Alleles for two classical loci with the expected pattern of polymorphism were found in the majority of haplotypes tested, but alleles at two other commonly detected loci had more variation outside of the hypervariable region than within. Our data indicate that the equine major histocompatibility complex is characterized by variation in the complement of class I genes expressed in different haplotypes in addition to the expected allelic polymorphism within loci.
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Publication Date: 2010-01-23 PubMed ID: 20099063PubMed Central: PMC2872545DOI: 10.1007/s00251-009-0420-9Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This research paper explores the structure and variability of horse major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I genes across different MHC haplotypes, revealing differences in expression and variability within these genes in different haplotypes.

Understanding the Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC)

  • The Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) is a group of genes that play an important role in the immune system. In animals, this is where a lot of the genetic variability occurs, affecting the ability to respond to diseases.

Analysis of MHC Class I Genes in Horses

  • The researchers used genomic sequences of fifteen MHC class I genes from horses and a collection of MHC class I homozygous horses from five varied haplotypes, a term that stands for a group of genes within an organism that was inherited together from a single parent.
  • They analyzed these sequences to understand their genomic structure and polymorphism – the occurrence of different forms among the members of a population.

Method and Results

  • A combination of conserved (shared across species) and locus-specific primers (short strands of DNA) was used to amplify (increase the number of copies) MHC class I genes with classical and nonclassical characteristics.
  • The research team identified three to five classical sequences and two to three nonclassical sequences per homozygous animal. Sequences were grouped according to their similarities, though some sequences did not fit into any group.
  • Adding sequences from MHC class I heterozygous horses and previously described sequences, a total of ten horse MHC haplotypes were represented, providing a broader increase in the gene variability studied.
  • The results indicated four existing loci (locations of a gene on a chromosome) and three new provisional loci. They also found that nonclassical genes had fewer alleles (variations of a gene) while the classical genes had higher levels of allelic polymorphism (different allele forms).

Conclusion

  • The findings suggested that the equine major histocompatibility complex exhibits variation in the complement of class I genes expressed in different haplotypes, as well as the expected allelic polymorphism within loci.
  • The variation in class I genes appears both within specific genes at a particular locus and in the composition of genes related to different haplotypes, suggesting a complex and diversified immune response mechanism in horses.

Cite This Article

APA
Tallmadge RL, Campbell JA, Miller DC, Antczak DF. (2010). Analysis of MHC class I genes across horse MHC haplotypes. Immunogenetics, 62(3), 159-172. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00251-009-0420-9

Publication

Immunogenetics
ISSN: 1432-1211
NlmUniqueID: 0420404
Country: United States
Language: English
Volume: 62
Issue: 3
Pages: 159-172

Researcher Affiliations

Tallmadge, Rebecca L
  • Baker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
Campbell, Julie A
    Miller, Donald C
      Antczak, Douglas F

        MeSH Terms

        • Amino Acid Sequence
        • Animals
        • Cloning, Molecular
        • Gene Amplification
        • Haplotypes / genetics
        • Heterozygote
        • Histocompatibility Antigens Class I / genetics
        • Homozygote
        • Horses / genetics
        • Horses / metabolism
        • Lymphocytes
        • Molecular Sequence Data
        • Polymorphism, Genetic
        • RNA, Messenger / genetics
        • RNA, Messenger / metabolism
        • Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
        • Sequence Homology, Amino Acid

        Grant Funding

        • R01 HD049545-05 / NICHD NIH HHS
        • HD-15799 / NICHD NIH HHS
        • R01 HD049545-01 / NICHD NIH HHS
        • HD-34086 / NICHD NIH HHS
        • HD-049545 / NICHD NIH HHS
        • R01 HD034086-05 / NICHD NIH HHS
        • R01 HD049545 / NICHD NIH HHS
        • R01 HD015799-16 / NICHD NIH HHS
        • R01 HD049545-02 / NICHD NIH HHS
        • R01 HD049545-03 / NICHD NIH HHS
        • R01 HD049545-04 / NICHD NIH HHS
        • R01 HD015799-15 / NICHD NIH HHS

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        7. Rowland AL, Miller D, Berglund A, Schnabel LV, Levine GJ, Antczak DF, Watts AE. Cross-matching of allogeneic mesenchymal stromal cells eliminates recipient immune targeting.. Stem Cells Transl Med 2021 May;10(5):694-710.
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        8. Ballingall KT, Bontrop RE, Ellis SA, Grimholt U, Hammond JA, Ho CS, Kaufman J, Kennedy LJ, Maccari G, Miller D, Robinson J, Marsh SGE. Comparative MHC nomenclature: report from the ISAG/IUIS-VIC committee 2018.. Immunogenetics 2018 Nov;70(10):625-632.
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        9. Sadeghi R, Moradi-Shahrbabak M, Miraei Ashtiani SR, Miller DC, Antczak DF. MHC haplotype diversity in Persian Arabian horses determined using polymorphic microsatellites.. Immunogenetics 2018 May;70(5):305-315.
          doi: 10.1007/s00251-017-1039-xpubmed: 29170799google scholar: lookup
        10. Bergmann T, Lindvall M, Moore E, Moore E, Sidney J, Miller D, Tallmadge RL, Myers PT, Malaker SA, Shabanowitz J, Osterrieder N, Peters B, Hunt DF, Antczak DF, Sette A. Peptide-binding motifs of two common equine class I MHC molecules in Thoroughbred horses.. Immunogenetics 2017 May;69(5):351-358.
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        11. Miller D, Tallmadge RL, Binns M, Zhu B, Mohamoud YA, Ahmed A, Brooks SA, Antczak DF. Polymorphism at expressed DQ and DR loci in five common equine MHC haplotypes.. Immunogenetics 2017 Mar;69(3):145-156.
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        12. Bergmann T, Moore C, Sidney J, Miller D, Tallmadge R, Harman RM, Oseroff C, Wriston A, Shabanowitz J, Hunt DF, Osterrieder N, Peters B, Antczak DF, Sette A. The common equine class I molecule Eqca-1*00101 (ELA-A3.1) is characterized by narrow peptide binding and T cell epitope repertoires.. Immunogenetics 2015 Nov;67(11-12):675-89.
          doi: 10.1007/s00251-015-0872-zpubmed: 26399241google scholar: lookup
        13. Pezzanite LM, Fortier LA, Antczak DF, Cassano JM, Brosnahan MM, Miller D, Schnabel LV. Equine allogeneic bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells elicit antibody responses in vivo.. Stem Cell Res Ther 2015 Apr 12;6(1):54.
          doi: 10.1186/s13287-015-0053-xpubmed: 25889095google scholar: lookup
        14. Rapacz-Leonard A, Dąbrowska M, Janowski T. Major histocompatibility complex I mediates immunological tolerance of the trophoblast during pregnancy and may mediate rejection during parturition.. Mediators Inflamm 2014;2014:579279.
          doi: 10.1155/2014/579279pubmed: 24812442google scholar: lookup
        15. Schnabel LV, Pezzanite LM, Antczak DF, Felippe MJ, Fortier LA. Equine bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells are heterogeneous in MHC class II expression and capable of inciting an immune response in vitro.. Stem Cell Res Ther 2014 Jan 24;5(1):13.
          doi: 10.1186/scrt402pubmed: 24461709google scholar: lookup
        16. Holmes JC, Holmer SG, Ross P, Buntzman AS, Frelinger JA, Hess PR. Polymorphisms and tissue expression of the feline leukocyte antigen class I loci FLAI-E, FLAI-H, and FLAI-K.. Immunogenetics 2013 Sep;65(9):675-89.
          doi: 10.1007/s00251-013-0711-zpubmed: 23812210google scholar: lookup
        17. Futas J, Horin P. Natural killer cell receptor genes in the family Equidae: not only Ly49.. PLoS One 2013;8(5):e64736.
          doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0064736pubmed: 23724088google scholar: lookup
        18. Hammond JA, Guethlein LA, Norman PJ, Parham P. Natural selection on marine carnivores elaborated a diverse family of classical MHC class I genes exhibiting haplotypic gene content variation and allelic polymorphism.. Immunogenetics 2012 Dec;64(12):915-33.
          doi: 10.1007/s00251-012-0651-zpubmed: 23001684google scholar: lookup
        19. Ross P, Buntzman AS, Vincent BG, Grover EN, Gojanovich GS, Collins EJ, Frelinger JA, Hess PR. Allelic diversity at the DLA-88 locus in Golden Retriever and Boxer breeds is limited.. Tissue Antigens 2012 Aug;80(2):175-83.
          doi: 10.1111/j.1399-0039.2012.01889.xpubmed: 22571293google scholar: lookup
        20. Sasaki M, Kim E, Igarashi M, Ito K, Hasebe R, Fukushi H, Sawa H, Kimura T. Single amino acid residue in the A2 domain of major histocompatibility complex class I is involved in the efficiency of equine herpesvirus-1 entry.. J Biol Chem 2011 Nov 11;286(45):39370-8.
          doi: 10.1074/jbc.M111.251751pubmed: 21949188google scholar: lookup
        21. Tseng CT, Miller D, Cassano J, Bailey E, Antczak DF. Identification of equine major histocompatibility complex haplotypes using polymorphic microsatellites.. Anim Genet 2010 Dec;41 Suppl 2(Suppl 2):150-3.
          doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2052.2010.02125.xpubmed: 21070289google scholar: lookup
        22. Ramsay JD, Leib SR, Orfe L, Call DR, Tallmadge RL, Fraser DG, Mealey RH. Development of a DNA microarray for detection of expressed equine classical MHC class I sequences in a defined population.. Immunogenetics 2010 Sep;62(9):633-9.
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