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Immunogenetics2010; 62(3); 159-172; doi: 10.1007/s00251-009-0420-9

Analysis of MHC class I genes across horse MHC haplotypes.

Abstract: The genomic sequences of 15 horse major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I genes and a collection of MHC class I homozygous horses of five different haplotypes were used to investigate the genomic structure and polymorphism of the equine MHC. A combination of conserved and locus-specific primers was used to amplify horse MHC class I genes with classical and nonclassical characteristics. Multiple clones from each haplotype identified three to five classical sequences per homozygous animal and two to three nonclassical sequences. Phylogenetic analysis was applied to these sequences, and groups were identified which appear to be allelic series, but some sequences were left ungrouped. Sequences determined from MHC class I heterozygous horses and previously described MHC class I sequences were then added, representing a total of ten horse MHC haplotypes. These results were consistent with those obtained from the MHC homozygous horses alone, and 30 classical sequences were assigned to four previously confirmed loci and three new provisional loci. The nonclassical genes had few alleles and the classical genes had higher levels of allelic polymorphism. Alleles for two classical loci with the expected pattern of polymorphism were found in the majority of haplotypes tested, but alleles at two other commonly detected loci had more variation outside of the hypervariable region than within. Our data indicate that the equine major histocompatibility complex is characterized by variation in the complement of class I genes expressed in different haplotypes in addition to the expected allelic polymorphism within loci.
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Publication Date: 2010-01-23 PubMed ID: 20099063PubMed Central: PMC2872545DOI: 10.1007/s00251-009-0420-9Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This research paper explores the structure and variability of horse major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I genes across different MHC haplotypes, revealing differences in expression and variability within these genes in different haplotypes.

Understanding the Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC)

  • The Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) is a group of genes that play an important role in the immune system. In animals, this is where a lot of the genetic variability occurs, affecting the ability to respond to diseases.

Analysis of MHC Class I Genes in Horses

  • The researchers used genomic sequences of fifteen MHC class I genes from horses and a collection of MHC class I homozygous horses from five varied haplotypes, a term that stands for a group of genes within an organism that was inherited together from a single parent.
  • They analyzed these sequences to understand their genomic structure and polymorphism – the occurrence of different forms among the members of a population.

Method and Results

  • A combination of conserved (shared across species) and locus-specific primers (short strands of DNA) was used to amplify (increase the number of copies) MHC class I genes with classical and nonclassical characteristics.
  • The research team identified three to five classical sequences and two to three nonclassical sequences per homozygous animal. Sequences were grouped according to their similarities, though some sequences did not fit into any group.
  • Adding sequences from MHC class I heterozygous horses and previously described sequences, a total of ten horse MHC haplotypes were represented, providing a broader increase in the gene variability studied.
  • The results indicated four existing loci (locations of a gene on a chromosome) and three new provisional loci. They also found that nonclassical genes had fewer alleles (variations of a gene) while the classical genes had higher levels of allelic polymorphism (different allele forms).

Conclusion

  • The findings suggested that the equine major histocompatibility complex exhibits variation in the complement of class I genes expressed in different haplotypes, as well as the expected allelic polymorphism within loci.
  • The variation in class I genes appears both within specific genes at a particular locus and in the composition of genes related to different haplotypes, suggesting a complex and diversified immune response mechanism in horses.

Cite This Article

APA
Tallmadge RL, Campbell JA, Miller DC, Antczak DF. (2010). Analysis of MHC class I genes across horse MHC haplotypes. Immunogenetics, 62(3), 159-172. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00251-009-0420-9

Publication

Immunogenetics
ISSN: 1432-1211
NlmUniqueID: 0420404
Country: United States
Language: English
Volume: 62
Issue: 3
Pages: 159-172

Researcher Affiliations

Tallmadge, Rebecca L
  • Baker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
Campbell, Julie A
    Miller, Donald C
      Antczak, Douglas F

        MeSH Terms

        • Amino Acid Sequence
        • Animals
        • Cloning, Molecular
        • Gene Amplification
        • Haplotypes / genetics
        • Heterozygote
        • Histocompatibility Antigens Class I / genetics
        • Homozygote
        • Horses / genetics
        • Horses / metabolism
        • Lymphocytes
        • Molecular Sequence Data
        • Polymorphism, Genetic
        • RNA, Messenger / genetics
        • RNA, Messenger / metabolism
        • Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
        • Sequence Homology, Amino Acid

        Grant Funding

        • R01 HD049545-05 / NICHD NIH HHS
        • HD-15799 / NICHD NIH HHS
        • R01 HD049545-01 / NICHD NIH HHS
        • HD-34086 / NICHD NIH HHS
        • HD-049545 / NICHD NIH HHS
        • R01 HD034086-05 / NICHD NIH HHS
        • R01 HD049545 / NICHD NIH HHS
        • R01 HD015799-16 / NICHD NIH HHS
        • R01 HD049545-02 / NICHD NIH HHS
        • R01 HD049545-03 / NICHD NIH HHS
        • R01 HD049545-04 / NICHD NIH HHS
        • R01 HD015799-15 / NICHD NIH HHS

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        13. Pezzanite LM, Fortier LA, Antczak DF, Cassano JM, Brosnahan MM, Miller D, Schnabel LV. Equine allogeneic bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells elicit antibody responses in vivo. Stem Cell Res Ther 2015 Apr 12;6(1):54.
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        14. Rapacz-Leonard A, Dąbrowska M, Janowski T. Major histocompatibility complex I mediates immunological tolerance of the trophoblast during pregnancy and may mediate rejection during parturition. Mediators Inflamm 2014;2014:579279.
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        15. Schnabel LV, Pezzanite LM, Antczak DF, Felippe MJ, Fortier LA. Equine bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells are heterogeneous in MHC class II expression and capable of inciting an immune response in vitro. Stem Cell Res Ther 2014 Jan 24;5(1):13.
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        16. Holmes JC, Holmer SG, Ross P, Buntzman AS, Frelinger JA, Hess PR. Polymorphisms and tissue expression of the feline leukocyte antigen class I loci FLAI-E, FLAI-H, and FLAI-K. Immunogenetics 2013 Sep;65(9):675-89.
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        17. Futas J, Horin P. Natural killer cell receptor genes in the family Equidae: not only Ly49. PLoS One 2013;8(5):e64736.
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        18. Hammond JA, Guethlein LA, Norman PJ, Parham P. Natural selection on marine carnivores elaborated a diverse family of classical MHC class I genes exhibiting haplotypic gene content variation and allelic polymorphism. Immunogenetics 2012 Dec;64(12):915-33.
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        19. Ross P, Buntzman AS, Vincent BG, Grover EN, Gojanovich GS, Collins EJ, Frelinger JA, Hess PR. Allelic diversity at the DLA-88 locus in Golden Retriever and Boxer breeds is limited. Tissue Antigens 2012 Aug;80(2):175-83.
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        20. Sasaki M, Kim E, Igarashi M, Ito K, Hasebe R, Fukushi H, Sawa H, Kimura T. Single amino acid residue in the A2 domain of major histocompatibility complex class I is involved in the efficiency of equine herpesvirus-1 entry. J Biol Chem 2011 Nov 11;286(45):39370-8.
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        21. Tseng CT, Miller D, Cassano J, Bailey E, Antczak DF. Identification of equine major histocompatibility complex haplotypes using polymorphic microsatellites. Anim Genet 2010 Dec;41 Suppl 2(Suppl 2):150-3.
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        23. Banico EC, Sira EMJS, Fajardo LE, Dulay ANG, Odchimar NMO, Simbulan AM, Orosco FL. Advancing one health vaccination: In silico design and evaluation of a multi-epitope subunit vaccine against Nipah virus for cross-species immunization using immunoinformatics and molecular modeling. PLoS One 2024;19(9):e0310703.
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