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PloS one2022; 17(7); e0270600; doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0270600

Analysis of the earliest complete mtDNA genome of a Caribbean colonial horse (Equus caballus) from 16th-century Haiti.

Abstract: Unlike other European domesticates introduced in the Americas after the European invasion, equids (Equidae) were previously in the Western Hemisphere but were extinct by the late Holocene era. The return of equids to the Americas through the introduction of the domestic horse (Equus caballus) is documented in the historical literature but is not explored fully either archaeologically or genetically. Historical documents suggest that the first domestic horses were brought from the Iberian Peninsula to the Caribbean in the late 15th century CE, but archaeological remains of these early introductions are rare. This paper presents the mitochondrial genome of a late 16th century horse from the Spanish colonial site of Puerto Real (northern Haiti). It represents the earliest complete mitogenome of a post-Columbian domestic horse in the Western Hemisphere offering a unique opportunity to clarify the phylogeographic history of this species in the Americas. Our data supports the hypothesis of an Iberian origin for this early translocated individual and clarifies its phylogenetic relationship with modern breeds in the Americas.
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Publication Date: 2022-07-27 PubMed ID: 35895670PubMed Central: PMC9328532DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0270600Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research paper investigates the mitochondrial DNA of a late 16th-century horse from Haiti to trace back its phylogeographic history and affirm its Iberian origin. The data helps shed light on the introduction and spread of domestic horses in the Americas after the European invasion.

Introduction

  • The research revolves around the analysis of the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) from the remains of a 16th-century horse discovered in Puerto Real, Haiti.
  • The study is significant because the reintroduction of horses to the Americas, post their late Holocene era extinction, hasn’t been extensively examined, either archaeologically or genetically.
  • The horse in question from this research represents the earliest complete mitogenome of a post-Columbian domestic horse in the Americas.

Hypothesis

  • The paper strongly suggests the first domestic horses in the Americas were brought from the Iberian Peninsula to the Caribbean in the late 15th century CE.
  • Such a hypothesis is primarily based on historical documents although, tangible archaeological evidence of this early introduction was scarce before this research.

Results and Analysis

  • The detailed analysis of mtDNA from the horse remains supports the proposed hypothesis of an Iberian origin.
  • Consequently, the research not only aids in comprehending the history of these translocated individuals but also clarifies their phylogenetic relationship with modern breeds present in the Americas.

Conclusion

  • The research concluded that the analysed genome belonged to a horse of Iberian origin, helping validate historical written records about the reintroduction of horses in the Americas.
  • The study has opened new avenues for further research in the phylogeographic history of domestic horses post the European invasion in the Americas.

Cite This Article

APA
Delsol N, Stucky BJ, Oswald JA, Reitz EJ, Emery KF, Guralnick R. (2022). Analysis of the earliest complete mtDNA genome of a Caribbean colonial horse (Equus caballus) from 16th-century Haiti. PLoS One, 17(7), e0270600. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0270600

Publication

PloS one
ISSN: 1932-6203
NlmUniqueID: 101285081
Country: United States
Language: English
Volume: 17
Issue: 7
Pages: e0270600
PII: e0270600

Researcher Affiliations

Delsol, Nicolas
  • Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America.
Stucky, Brian J
  • Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America.
  • Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD, United States of America.
Oswald, Jessica A
  • Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America.
  • Biology Department, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, NV, United States of America.
Reitz, Elizabeth J
  • Georgia Museum of Natural History, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America.
Emery, Kitty F
  • Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America.
Guralnick, Robert
  • Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America.

MeSH Terms

  • Animals
  • Caribbean Region
  • DNA, Mitochondrial / genetics
  • Equidae / genetics
  • Haiti
  • Horses / genetics
  • Phylogeny

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

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