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Science advances2020; 6(38); eabb0030; doi: 10.1126/sciadv.abb0030

Ancient DNA shows domestic horses were introduced in the southern Caucasus and Anatolia during the Bronze Age.

Abstract: Despite the important roles that horses have played in human history, particularly in the spread of languages and cultures, and correspondingly intensive research on this topic, the origin of domestic horses remains elusive. Several domestication centers have been hypothesized, but most of these have been invalidated through recent paleogenetic studies. Anatolia is a region with an extended history of horse exploitation that has been considered a candidate for the origins of domestic horses but has never been subject to detailed investigation. Our paleogenetic study of pre- and protohistoric horses in Anatolia and the Caucasus, based on a diachronic sample from the early Neolithic to the Iron Age (~8000 to ~1000 BCE) that encompasses the presumed transition from wild to domestic horses (4000 to 3000 BCE), shows the rapid and large-scale introduction of domestic horses at the end of the third millennium BCE. Thus, our results argue strongly against autochthonous independent domestication of horses in Anatolia.
Copyright © 2020 The Authors, some rights reserved; exclusive licensee American Association for the Advancement of Science. No claim to original U.S. Government Works. Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial License 4.0 (CC BY-NC).
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Publication Date: 2020-09-16 PubMed ID: 32938680PubMed Central: PMC7494339DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abb0030Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research investigates the origins of domestic horses, concluding that they were introduced in the southern Caucasus and Anatolia during the Bronze Age, instead of being independently domesticated in these regions.

Research Objective

  • The primary aim of this research was to identify the origin of domestic horses. Horses have had significant roles in human history, particularly in the spread of languages and cultures and the need to unravel their origin is instrumental to historical anthropology.

Hypotheses and Prior Studies

  • Several suggestions have been made regarding the domestication centers of horses, however, most of these have not been substantiated by recent paleogenetic studies.
  • Anatolia – a region with an extended history of horse exploitation, has been often considered a potential origin of domestic horses, although it had not been subjected to rigorous investigation.

Examination Methodology

  • The researchers conducted a paleogenetic study of pre- and protohistoric horses in Anatolia and the Caucasus.
  • This study was based on a diachronic sample from the early Neolithic to the Iron Age (approximately 8000 to 1000 BCE). This timeframe includes the presumed transition from wild to domestic horses (4000 to 3000 BCE).

Findings

  • The study results reveal the rapid and large-scale introduction of domestic horses at the end of the third millennium BCE.
  • This finding strongly indicates that horses were likely introduced into these areas, rather than being independently domesticated there. Thus, it argues against the hypothesis of autochthonous independent domestication of horses in Anatolia.

Cite This Article

APA
Guimaraes S, Arbuckle BS, Peters J, Adcock SE, Buitenhuis H, Chazin H, Manaseryan N, Uerpmann HP, Grange T, Geigl EM. (2020). Ancient DNA shows domestic horses were introduced in the southern Caucasus and Anatolia during the Bronze Age. Sci Adv, 6(38), eabb0030. https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abb0030

Publication

Science advances
ISSN: 2375-2548
NlmUniqueID: 101653440
Country: United States
Language: English
Volume: 6
Issue: 38
PII: eabb0030

Researcher Affiliations

Guimaraes, Silvia
  • Institut Jacques Monod, CNRS, University of Paris, Paris, France.
Arbuckle, Benjamin S
  • Department of Anthropology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
Peters, Joris
  • ArchaeoBioCenter and Department of Veterinary Sciences, Institute of Palaeoanatomy, Domestication and the History of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig Maximilian University Munich, Kaulbachstraße 37/111, 80539 Munich, Germany.
  • State Collection of Anthropology and Palaeoanatomy Munich, Bavarian Natural History Collections, Karolinenplatz 2a, 80333 Munich, Germany.
Adcock, Sarah E
  • Department of Anthropology, University of Chicago, 1126 East 59th Street, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
Buitenhuis, Hijlke
  • Groningen Institute of Archaeology, University of Groningen, 9712 ER Groningen, Netherlands.
Chazin, Hannah
  • Department of Anthropology, Columbia University, 1200 Amsterdam Avenue, New York, NY 10031, USA.
Manaseryan, Ninna
  • Scientific Center of Zoology and Hydroecology, Institute of Zoology, National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Armenia, 7 Paruyr Sevak Str., Yerevan 0014, Armenia.
Uerpmann, Hans-Peter
  • Institut für Ur- und Frühgeschichte und Archäologie des Mittelalters, Abteilung für Ältere Urgeschichte und Quartärökologie, Zentrum für Naturwissenschaftliche Archäologie, Universität Tübingen, Rümelinstraße 23, 72070 Tübingen, Germany.
Grange, Thierry
  • Institut Jacques Monod, CNRS, University of Paris, Paris, France.
Geigl, Eva-Maria
  • Institut Jacques Monod, CNRS, University of Paris, Paris, France. eva-maria.geigl@ijm.fr.

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