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BioEssays : news and reviews in molecular, cellular and developmental biology2019; 42(1); e1900164; doi: 10.1002/bies.201900164

Ancient Genomes Reveal Unexpected Horse Domestication and Management Dynamics.

Abstract: The horse was essential to past human societies but became a recreational animal during the twentieth century as the world became increasingly mechanized. As the author reviews here, recent studies of ancient genomes have revisited the understanding of horse domestication, from the very early stages to the most modern developments. They have uncovered several extinct lineages roaming the far ends of Eurasia some 4000 years ago. They have shown that the domestic horse has been significantly reshaped during the last millennium and experienced a sharp decline in genetic diversity within the last two centuries. At a time when no truly wild horses exist any longer, this calls for enhanced conservation in all endangered populations. These include the Przewalski's horse native to Mongolia, and the many local breeds side-lined by the modern agenda, but yet representing the living heritage of over five millennia of horse breeding.
© 2019 The Authors. BioEssays published by WILEY Periodicals, Inc.
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Publication Date: 2019-12-06 PubMed ID: 31808562DOI: 10.1002/bies.201900164Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research article discusses how the study of ancient genomes has given new perspectives on the history and dynamics of horse domestication and management, revealing extinct Eurasian lineages from 4000 years ago, and a significant reshaping of the domestic horse in the last millennium.

Understanding Horse Domestication

  • The core focus of the research is on understanding horse domestication – a key event in the history of human societies. This involved a thorough analysis of ancient genomes which has contributed to revisiting the domestication dynamics of horses.
  • Through analyzing ancient genomes, the researchers discovered several extinct horse lineages that existed around 4000 years ago spread across the extreme ends of Asia and Europe. This finding suggests a broader geographic range and genetic diversity of ancient horses than previously realized.

Domestic Horses Reshaped in The Last Millennium

  • The study reveals that the characteristics of domestic horses have significantly changed over the last millennium, based on genome analysis.
  • There has been a rapid decline in the genetic diversity of horses in the last two centuries. The research suggests that this significant genetic bottleneck may be due to intensified human management, leading to less genetic variation.

Conservation Recommendations

  • Since there are no more truly wild horses in existence, the research highlights the urgent need to enhance conservation strategies for these animals, particularly for all endangered populations.
  • Specific mention is made of the Przewalski’s horse, a breed native to Mongolia, which represents some of the last remnants of the pre-domestication horse genetic diversity. Additionally, attention is drawn to the importance of many local breeds that, although sidelined in the modern age, represent the living heritage of more than five thousand years of horse breeding.

Cite This Article

APA
Orlando L. (2019). Ancient Genomes Reveal Unexpected Horse Domestication and Management Dynamics. Bioessays, 42(1), e1900164. https://doi.org/10.1002/bies.201900164

Publication

BioEssays : news and reviews in molecular, cellular and developmental biology
ISSN: 1521-1878
NlmUniqueID: 8510851
Country: United States
Language: English
Volume: 42
Issue: 1
Pages: e1900164

Researcher Affiliations

Orlando, Ludovic
  • Laboratoire d'Anthropobiologie et d'Imagerie de Synthèse, CNRS UMR 5288, Faculté de Médecine de Purpan, 37 allées Jules Guesde, Bâtiment A, 31000, Toulouse, France.
  • The GLOBE Institute, University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 5-7, 1350K, Copenhagen, Denmark.

MeSH Terms

  • Animals
  • Asia, Central
  • Breeding
  • Domestication
  • Europe
  • Fossils
  • Genetic Variation
  • Genome
  • Horses / genetics
  • Male
  • Mongolia
  • Phenotype

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Citations

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