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International microbiology : the official journal of the Spanish Society for Microbiology2025; doi: 10.1007/s10123-025-00640-z

Antagonistic activity of butanamine 2,2-dinitro-N-methyl- synthesized by endosymbiotic Bacillus amyloliquefaciens VITAPRJS1 acquired from horse milk.

Abstract: Endosymbiotic bacteria are known to synthesize bioactive compounds which have biotechnological potentials that enhance immune responses by stimulating the production of immune cells. Horse milk is widely known to have nutraceutical and antimicrobial activities; however, there are no scientific reports on its inhibitory effects. VITAPRJS1, isolated from horse milk, showed non-hemolytic properties and was significantly tolerant to bile salt and NaCl. The isolate also exhibited potent antibacterial activity against pathogenic bacterial strains such as Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Bacillus cereus. The bioactive antibacterial compounds were extracted using dichloromethane and were subsequently purified and identified as butanamine, 2,2-dinitro-N-methyl- through UPLC, GC-MS, and LC-MS analyses. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) confirmed the presence of functional groups such as alkane, amine, and monosubstituted 1,2-disubstituted. The screened bacterial isolate was identified as Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (OR501558) upon 16S rRNA gene sequencing. To our knowledge, this study represents the first-time report on the presence of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens in horse milk having potent antibacterial activity, highlighting its unexplored potential in biotechnological and pharmaceutical applications.
© 2025. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.
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Publication Date: 2025-02-13 PubMed ID: 39939508PubMed Central: 7590294DOI: 10.1007/s10123-025-00640-zGoogle Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

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This study explores the properties of a compound synthesized by bacteria found in horse milk, revealing it has potent antibacterial abilities against several pathogenic bacterial strains, and highlighting the potential for further biotechnological and pharmaceutical use.

Background and Objective

  • The research probes into endosymbiotic bacteria which have the abilities to produce bioactive compounds that can enhance immune responses by stimulating the production of immune cells.
  • Despite horse milk’s known nutraceutical and antimicrobial properties, no scientific reports have examined its inhibitory effects. This research fills the knowledge gap by isolating and studying the adversarial behavior of a compound obtained from a bacterial strain present in horse milk.

Methodology and Results

  • The research identified a strain, VITAPRJS1, from horse milk, which showed non-hemolytic properties, showing significant tolerance to bile salt and NaCl.
  • It was noted that the isolate exhibited potent antibacterial activity against pathogenic bacterial strains including Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Bacillus cereus.
  • The bioactive antibacterial compounds were extracted using dichloromethane and identified as butanamine, 2,2-dinitro-N-methyl- through UPLC, GC-MS, and LC-MS analyses.
  • The presence of functional groups such as alkane, amine, and monosubstituted 1,2-disubstituted were confirmed through Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR).
  • The bacterial isolate was identified as Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (OR501558) upon 16S rRNA gene sequencing.

Significance of the Research

  • This study is the first to highlight the existence of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens in horse milk and its strong antibacterial activity.
  • The findings underscore the unexplored potential of this bacterial strain in biotechnological and pharmaceutical applications, and could lead to the development of drugs to combat several common bacterial infections.

Cite This Article

APA
Chakraborty A, Dutta P, Amrit R, Dey P, Osborne WJ. (2025). Antagonistic activity of butanamine 2,2-dinitro-N-methyl- synthesized by endosymbiotic Bacillus amyloliquefaciens VITAPRJS1 acquired from horse milk. Int Microbiol. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10123-025-00640-z

Publication

International microbiology : the official journal of the Spanish Society for Microbiology
ISSN: 1618-1905
NlmUniqueID: 9816585
Country: Switzerland
Language: English

Researcher Affiliations

Chakraborty, Arnab
  • School of Bio Sciences & Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India.
Dutta, Prerona
  • School of Bio Sciences & Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India.
Amrit, Rajshree
  • School of Bio Sciences & Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India.
Dey, Parry
  • School of Bio Sciences & Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India.
Osborne, W Jabez
  • School of Bio Sciences & Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India. jabez.vit@gmail.com.

Conflict of Interest Statement

Declarations. Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.

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