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Parasites & vectors2009; 2 Suppl 2(Suppl 2); S2; doi: 10.1186/1756-3305-2-S2-S2

Anthelmintic resistance in cyathostomin populations from horse yards in Italy, United Kingdom and Germany.

Abstract: A large survey was carried out in 2008 in Europe to evaluate the efficacy of fenbendazole (FBZ), pyrantel (PYR), ivermectin (IVM) and moxidectin (MOX), i.e. the major anthelmintic molecules used in current practice against cyathostomins affecting horses. A total of 102 yards and 1704 horses was studied in three countries: 60 yards and 988 horses from Italy, 22 and 396 from the UK, 20 and 320 from Germany. The survey consisted of Faecal Egg Count Reduction Tests (FECRTs) with a faecal egg count reduction (FECR) categorization of (I) resistance present if FECR <90% and the lower 95% confidence limit (LCL) /= 90% and/or LCL /= 90% and LCL >90%. The calculation of FECR data was performed employing bootstrap analysis of group arithmetic means. Results: The testing of FBZ on a total of 80 yards resulted in resistance present on more than 80% of the UK and German yards and on significantly fewer in Italy, i.e. in 38% (p < 0.01). PYR, IVM and MOX were tested on a total of 102 yards. For PYR resistance present was found in 25% of the yards with no significant differences between countries. For IVM resistance present was encountered in one Italian and two UK yards (3%), resistance present to MOX was not found in any yard in any country. Conclusions: The results indicate that single and/or multiple drug resistance in equine cyathostomins is present in the three countries, is widespread particularly for FBZ and/or PYR and in one UK yard multiple resistance present was detected to FBZ, PYR and IVM. Macrocylic lactones proved to be the most effective drugs, with some evidence of resistance to IVM and highest activity of MOX, despite a single case of reduced efficacy in Germany. These data call for the development and implementation, among practitioners, owners and managers, of further plans to reduce the expansion of the anthelmintic resistant populations and to use those anthelmintics that remain effective in a manner that preserves their efficacy as long as possible.
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Publication Date: 2009-09-25 PubMed ID: 19778463PubMed Central: PMC2751838DOI: 10.1186/1756-3305-2-S2-S2Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This study investigates the resistance of horse parasites, cyathostomins, to common drugs in Italy, UK, and Germany and finds that some drugs have a higher resistance compared to others.

Research Background and Methodology

  • The 2008 European survey aimed to evaluate the potency of four major anthelmintic (parasite-expelling) medicines: fenbendazole (FBZ), pyrantel (PYR), ivermectin (IVM) and moxidectin (MOX). These medicines are mostly used against parasites commonly seen in horses, known as cyathostomins.
  • This study spanned three states and involved a substantial sample size: 102 yards housing 1704 horses from Italy, the UK, and Germany.
  • The effectiveness of these drugs was determined using Faecal Egg Count Reduction Tests (FECRTs). The categories were deemed as: resistance present if FECR (faecal egg count reduction) was less than 90%, resistance suspected if FECR was more than or equal to 90% and/or LCL less than 90%, and no resistance if FECR was more than or equal to 90% with LCL greater than 90%. The lower 95% confidence limit (LCL) refers to the bottom of a range where there is a 95% confidence that the true value lies within.
  • The results were calculated using bootstrap analysis, a statistical method, of group arithmetic means.

Results

  • FBZ was tested on 80 yards and found to be resistant in more than 80% of yards in the UK and Germany, but only 38% in Italy, a significantly lower figure.
  • 102 yards were tested for PYR, IVM and MOX. While PYR resistance was discovered in 25% of the yards with no significant differences between countries, IVM resistance was uncovered only in one Italian and two UK yards. MOX, showed no resistance in any yard, across all countries.

Conclusions

  • The outcomes suggest that single or multiple drug resistance to equine cyathostomins is prevalent in the three countries. It is particularly widespread for FBZ and/or PYR. In addition, one UK yard showed multiple resistances to FBZ, PYR, and IVM.
  • Of all the drugs, macrocyclic lactones were the most potent, suggesting some level of IVM resistance and MOX’s superior efficacy despite one instance of reduced efficiency in Germany.
  • All the data points to the necessity of developing further strategies to control the expansion of anthelmintic-resistant populations. Moreover, it is critical to use effective anthelmintics in a way that their potency is preserved for as long as possible.

Cite This Article

APA
Traversa D, von Samson-Himmelstjerna G, Demeler J, Milillo P, Schürmann S, Barnes H, Otranto D, Perrucci S, di Regalbono AF, Beraldo P, Boeckh A, Cobb R. (2009). Anthelmintic resistance in cyathostomin populations from horse yards in Italy, United Kingdom and Germany. Parasit Vectors, 2 Suppl 2(Suppl 2), S2. https://doi.org/10.1186/1756-3305-2-S2-S2

Publication

Parasites & vectors
ISSN: 1756-3305
NlmUniqueID: 101462774
Country: England
Language: English
Volume: 2 Suppl 2
Issue: Suppl 2
Pages: S2

Researcher Affiliations

Traversa, Donato
  • Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, Italy. dtraversa@unite.it.
von Samson-Himmelstjerna, Georg
    Demeler, Janina
      Milillo, Piermarino
        Schürmann, Sandra
          Barnes, Helen
            Otranto, Domenico
              Perrucci, Stefania
                di Regalbono, Antonio Frangipane
                  Beraldo, Paola
                    Boeckh, Albert
                      Cobb, Rami

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                        This article has been cited 43 times.
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