Anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of intra-articular injection of triamcinolone acetonide, mepivacaine hydrochloride, or both on lipopolysaccharide-induced lameness in horses.
Abstract: To assess analgesia, inflammation, potency, and duration of action associated with intra-articular injection of triamcinolone acetonide (TA), mepivacaine hydrochloride, or both in metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joints of horses with experimentally induced acute synovitis. Methods: 18 horses. Methods: Both forelimbs of each horse were injected with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) 3 times. After the first LPS injection, 1 forelimb of each horse was treated with intra-articular injection of mepivacaine (80 mg; n=6), TA (9 mg; 6), or mepivacaine with TA (same doses of each; 6) 12 hours after the initial LPS injection. Contralateral limbs served as control limbs. Joint pain was assessed via lameness score and measurements of vertical force peak and pain-free range of motion of the MCP joint. Periarticular edema was evaluated. Degree of synovial inflammation was determined via synovial fluid analysis for WBC count and total protein concentration. Samples of plasma and synovial fluid were analyzed for TA and mepivacaine concentrations. Results: Each injection of LPS induced lameness and joint inflammation. Mepivacaine effectively eliminated lameness within 45 minutes after injection, regardless of whether TA was also administered, whereas TA reduced lameness, edema, and concentration of synovial fluid protein after the second LPS injection, regardless of whether mepivacaine was also injected. Treatment with TA also induced higher WBC counts and mepivacaine concentrations in synovial fluid, compared with results for mepivacaine alone. Conclusions: Results suggested TA is a potent analgesic and anti-inflammatory medication for acute synovitis in horses and that simultaneous administration of mepivacaine does not alter the potency or duration of action of TA.
Publication Date: 2008-12-03 PubMed ID: 19046013DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.69.12.1646Google Scholar: Lookup
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- Controlled Clinical Trial
- Journal Article
Summary
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This research study is investigating the effect of the drugs triamcinolone acetonide and mepivacaine hydrochloride, either alone or in combination, on inflammation and pain in horses’ joint, using a model of induced acute synovitis.
Research Methodology
- The study involved 18 horses, who had acute synovitis induced in both their metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joints via tripartite injections of lipopolysaccharide (LPS).
- Following the first LPS injection, one forelimb of each horse was treated with an intra-articular injection of either mepivacaine (80 mg), triamcinolone acetonide (TA) (9 mg), or both, administered 12 hours after the initial LPS injection. The other forelimb was left untreated to act as a control.
- Lameness, which is a measure of joint pain, was assessed via a score, and by measuring the peak vertical force and pain-free range of motion of the MCP joint. Swelling around the joint (periarticular edema) was also measured.
- The synovial fluid in the joint was analysed for white blood cell (WBC) count and total protein concentration, to assess the degree of inflammation.
- Additionally, samples of plasma and synovial fluid were analysed for concentrations of mepivacaine and TA.
Research Findings
- Each LPS injection resulted in joint inflammation and pain (lameness).
- Mepivacaine rapidly relieved the lameness (within 45 minutes), regardless of whether TA was also administered.
- On the contrary, TA reduced lameness, edema, and synovial fluid protein concentration after the second LPS injection, regardless of whether mepivacaine was also injected.
- Higher WBC counts and mepivacaine concentrations in synovial fluid were found following treatment with TA, compared to mepivacaine alone.
Conclusions
- The results suggest that TA is an effective painkiller and anti-inflammatory for horses with acute synovitis.
- The simultaneous administration of mepivacaine did not affect the potency or duration of action of TA.
Cite This Article
APA
Kay AT, Bolt DM, Ishihara A, Rajala-Schultz PJ, Bertone AL.
(2008).
Anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of intra-articular injection of triamcinolone acetonide, mepivacaine hydrochloride, or both on lipopolysaccharide-induced lameness in horses.
Am J Vet Res, 69(12), 1646-1654.
https://doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.69.12.1646 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Comparative Orthopedic Research Laboratory, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
MeSH Terms
- Analgesics / administration & dosage
- Analgesics / therapeutic use
- Anesthetics, Local / administration & dosage
- Anesthetics, Local / therapeutic use
- Animals
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents / administration & dosage
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents / therapeutic use
- Drug Therapy, Combination
- Female
- Horse Diseases / chemically induced
- Horse Diseases / drug therapy
- Horses
- Injections, Intra-Articular
- Lameness, Animal / drug therapy
- Lipopolysaccharides / adverse effects
- Male
- Mepivacaine / administration & dosage
- Mepivacaine / therapeutic use
- Triamcinolone Acetonide / administration & dosage
- Triamcinolone Acetonide / therapeutic use
Citations
This article has been cited 11 times.- Knych HK, Weiner D, Harrison L, McKemie DS. Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of intra-articular isoflupredone following administration to horses with lipopolysaccharide-induced synovitis. BMC Vet Res 2022 Dec 13;18(1):436.
- Egan S, Brama PAJ, Goulding C, McKeown D, Kearney CM, McGrath D. The Feasibility of Equine Field-Based Postural Sway Analysis Using a Single Inertial Sensor. Sensors (Basel) 2021 Feb 11;21(4).
- El-Rahman GIA, Behairy A, Elseddawy NM, Batiha GE, Hozzein WN, Khodeer DM, Abd-Elhakim YM. Saussurea lappa Ethanolic Extract Attenuates Triamcinolone Acetonide-Induced Pulmonary and Splenic Tissue Damage in Rats via Modulation of Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and Apoptosis. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020 May 8;9(5).
- Neuenschwander HM, Moreira JJ, Vendruscolo CP, Fülber J, Seidel SRT, Michelacci YM, Baccarin RYA. Hyaluronic acid has chondroprotective and joint-preserving effects on LPS-induced synovitis in horses. J Vet Sci 2019 Nov;20(6):e67.
- Ekstrand C, Bondesson U, Giving E, Hedeland M, Ingvast-Larsson C, Jacobsen S, Löfgren M, Moen L, Rhodin M, Saetra T, Ranheim B. Disposition and effect of intra-articularly administered dexamethasone on lipopolysaccharide induced equine synovitis. Acta Vet Scand 2019 Jun 20;61(1):28.
- Vendruscolo CDP, Moreira JJ, Seidel SRT, Fülber J, Neuenschwander HM, Bonagura G, Agreste FR, Baccarin RYA. Effects of medical ozone upon healthy equine joints: Clinical and laboratorial aspects. PLoS One 2018;13(5):e0197736.
- Ardanaz N, Vázquez FJ, Romero A, Remacha AR, Barrachina L, Sanz A, Ranera B, Vitoria A, Albareda J, Prades M, Zaragoza P, Martín-Burriel I, Rodellar C. Inflammatory response to the administration of mesenchymal stem cells in an equine experimental model: effect of autologous, and single and repeat doses of pooled allogeneic cells in healthy joints. BMC Vet Res 2016 Mar 31;12:65.
- Duggan MJS, Kearney C, Baltrimaite M, Labberté MC, Gibney R, Brama PAJ. Refinement of the Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Synovitis Model in Equine Middle Carpal Joints. Animals (Basel) 2025 Aug 22;15(17).
- Guidoni K, Chiaradia E, Pepe M, Di Meo A, Tognoloni A, Seccaroni M, Beccati F. The Combined Use of Triamcinolone and Platelet-Rich Plasma in Equine Metacarpophalangeal Joint Osteoarthritis Treatments: An In Vivo and In Vitro Study. Animals (Basel) 2024 Dec 17;14(24).
- Carreira LM, Cota J, Alves J, Inácio F, Alexandre-Pires G, Azevedo P. A Pilot Study of the Clinical Effectiveness of a Single Intra-Articular Injection of Stanozolol in Canines with Knee Degenerative Joint Disease and Its Correlation with Serum Interleukin-1β Levels. Animals (Basel) 2024 Apr 30;14(9).
- Kearney CM, Korthagen NM, Plomp SGM, Labberté MC, de Grauw JC, van Weeren PR, Brama PAJ. A Translational Model for Repeated Episodes of Joint Inflammation: Welfare, Clinical and Synovial Fluid Biomarker Assessment. Animals (Basel) 2023 Oct 12;13(20).
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