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Antibodies to West Nile virus in asymptomatic mammals, birds, and reptiles in the Yucatan Peninsula of Mexico.
Abstract: Surveillance for evidence of West Nile virus (WNV) infection in taxonomically diverse vertebrates was conducted in the Yucatan Peninsula of Mexico in 2003 and 2004. Sera from 144 horses on Cozumel Island, Quintana Roo State, 415 vertebrates (257 birds, 52 mammals, and 106 reptiles) belonging to 61 species from the Merida Zoo, Yucatan State, and 7 farmed crocodiles in Ciudad del Carmen, Campeche State were assayed for antibodies to flaviviruses. Ninety (62%) horses on Cozumel Island had epitope-blocking enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) antibodies to flaviviruses, of which 75 (52%) were seropositive for WNV by plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT). Blocking ELISA antibodies to flaviviruses also were detected in 13 (3%) animals in the Merida Zoo, including 7 birds and 2 mammals (a jaguar and coyote) seropositive for WNV by PRNT. Six (86%) crocodiles in Campeche State had PRNT-confirmed WNV infections. All animals were healthy at the time of serum collections and none had a history of WNV-like illness.
Publication Date: 2006-05-12 PubMed ID: 16687701 The Equine Research Bank provides access to a large database of publicly available scientific literature. Inclusion in the Research Bank does not imply endorsement of study methods or findings by Mad Barn.
- Journal Article
- Research Support
- N.I.H.
- Extramural
- Research Support
- U.S. Gov't
- P.H.S.
Summary
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This research conducted in 2003 and 2004, aimed to assess the prevalence of West Nile virus (WNV) within a diverse range of vertebrates in the Yucatan Peninsula of Mexico. The study found antibodies to the virus in many vertebrates, including 62% of the tested horses and 3% of animals at the Merida Zoo, with all animals healthy despite the presence of these antibodies.
Study Background and Objective
- The study was carried out as a surveillance to understand the pervasiveness of the West Nile virus (WNV) infection in different types of vertebrates in the Yucatan Peninsula of Mexico during 2003 and 2004.
- The primary objective was to study the existence of WNV antibodies in mammals, birds, and reptiles that didn’t show any signs of illness.
Study Design and Methodology
- Blood samples were collected from a total of 144 horses on Cozumel Island, 415 vertebrates (that contained 257 birds, 52 mammals, and 106 reptiles) from around 61 species at the Merida Zoo and 7 farmed crocodiles in Ciudad del Carmen.
- The samples were then tested for antibodies to flaviviruses – a type of viruses that includes WNV – using a blocking enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). If antibodies were detected, the sample was further tested specifically for WNV using the plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT).
Study Findings
- Out of 144 horses on Cozumel Island, 90 (62%) were found with ELISA antibodies to flaviviruses. Among these 90 horses, 75 (52%) were confirmed seropositive for WNV by PRNT.
- In the Merida Zoo, 13 (3%) of the 415 animals showed the presence of blocking ELISA antibodies to flaviviruses. This group included 7 birds and 2 mammals, a jaguar and coyote, which were found seropositive for WNV via PRNT.
- Out of 7 farmed crocodiles, 6 (86%) were confirmed with WNV infections through PRNT.
Implications of the Study
- All the animals that tested positive for WNV were healthy at the time of blood sample collection, thus indicating the potential for asymptomatic WNV infections in vertebrates.
- The high proportion of seropositive results in the tested populations suggests a wide distribution of WNV in the region and a corresponding risk to other animals and potentially humans.
Cite This Article
APA
Farfu00e1n-Ale JA, Blitvich BJ, Marlenee NL, Lorou00f1o-Pino MA, Puerto-Manzano F, Garcu00eda-Reju00f3n JE, Rosado-Paredes EP, Flores-Flores LF, Ortega-Salazar A, Chu00e1vez-Medina J, Cremieux-Grimaldi JC, Correa-Morales F, Hernu00e1ndez-Gaona G, Mu00e9ndez-Galvu00e1n JF, Beaty BJ.
(2006).
Antibodies to West Nile virus in asymptomatic mammals, birds, and reptiles in the Yucatan Peninsula of Mexico.
Am J Trop Med Hyg, 74(5), 908-914.
Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Laboratorio de Arbovirologia, Centro de Investigaciones Regionales Dr. Hideyo Noguchi, Universidad Autu00f3noma de Yucatan, Merida, Yucatan, Mexico.
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Animals, Wild / virology
- Animals, Zoo / virology
- Antibodies, Viral / analysis
- Birds / virology
- Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
- Mammals / virology
- Mexico / epidemiology
- Reptiles / virology
- Seroepidemiologic Studies
- West Nile Fever / epidemiology
- West Nile Fever / veterinary
- West Nile Fever / virology
- West Nile virus / immunology
- West Nile virus / isolation & purification
Grant Funding
- U50 CCU820510 / PHS HHS
- U01 AI045430-05 / NIAID NIH HHS
- U01 AI045430-04 / NIAID NIH HHS
- U01 AI045430 / NIAID NIH HHS
- U01 AI045430-01 / NIAID NIH HHS
- U01 AI045430-02 / NIAID NIH HHS
- AI45430 / NIAID NIH HHS
- U01 AI045430-03S1 / NIAID NIH HHS
- U01 AI045430-03 / NIAID NIH HHS
Citations
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