Antibody and cytokine-associated immune responses to S. equi antigens entrapped in PLA nanospheres.
Abstract: Strangles is an infectious disease caused by Streptococcus equi subspecies equi that affects the upper respiratory tract of the Equidae. The control of this disease seems to be dependent on its earlier detection and prevention, but prolonged animal protection without development of strong and severe side effects has not yet been achieved. Convalescent horses exhibit a protective immune response, mainly against SeM (58 kDa), an antiphagocytic and opsonogenic S. equi M-like protein, known as the major protective antigen against strangles. Purified recombinant SeM and S. equi protein extract-entrapped poly(lactic acid) (PLA) nanospheres were developed and their adjuvant potential was studied via the intramuscular route. The effect including molecules with adjuvant properties such as spermine, oleic acid, alginate and glycol-chitosan was also evaluated. Spherical nanometric particles <500 nm containing the protein antigen were prepared by the solvent evaporation method and protein structure was not affected throughout preparation. The humoral immune response induced by nanospheres was markedly higher than that elicited by soluble antigens, isolated or co-admixed with CpG. The IgG and IgG subtypes, along with cytokine titres, indicated that nanospheres composed by glycolchitosan developed a more balanced Th1/Th2 response for both purified SeM and S. equi enzymatic extract proteins, although those induced by the pure antigen-entrapped particles were higher than the S. equi tested vaccines composed by total antigens entrapped in polymeric nanospheres.
Publication Date: 2009-06-12 PubMed ID: 19524290DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2009.05.045Google Scholar: Lookup
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- Journal Article
- Research Support
- Non-U.S. Gov't
Summary
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This research article focuses on developing a more effective protective response against Strangles, an infectious disease caused by Streptococcus equi, by encapsulating specific antigens of the bacteria in poly(lactic acid) nanoparticles. The study indicates that these nanoparticles elicit a stronger immune response compared to traditional vaccines.
Context and Aim
- Strangles is an infectious disease, predominantly affecting the upper respiratory tract of the Equidae, caused by Streptococcus equi.
- Presently, there is a lack of long-term effective immune protection against this disease which doesn’t also cause severe side effects.
- Horses that have recovered from Strangles show a protective immune response, specifically against substance called SeM, an S. equi M-like protein.
- The main goal of this research is to enhance the immune response against Strangles by encapsulating the antigens (SeM and S. equi protein) in poly(lactic acid) (PLA) nanospheres and evaluating their adjuvant potential.
Methods
- The antigens were encapsulated in PLA nanospheres by using the solvent evaporation method.
- The research also attempted to amplify the immune response by including materials with adjuvant properties like spermine, oleic acid, alginate, and glycol-chitosan.
- The PLA nano-encapsulated antigens were then administered to subjects via the intramuscular route.
Results
- The research found that the immune response triggered by the antigen filled nanospheres was significantly stronger than that generated by soluble antigens or when co-admixed with CpG.
- Both total IgG and subtypes of IgG, as well as cytokine titres, demonstrated that nanospheres composed of glycolchitosan induced a more balanced Th1/Th2 response for both purified SeM and S. equi enzymatic extract proteins.
- The immune responses triggered by pure antigen-entrapped particles were much stronger than the S. equi vaccines composed of total antigens encapsulated in polymeric nanospheres.
Implications
- The findings of the study indicate that encapsulating antigens within PLA nanospheres enhances the immune response to Strangles. This could potentially lead to the production of a more effective vaccine against the disease.
- With further research and development, this approach could be tailored in order to combat other infectious diseases as well.
Cite This Article
APA
Florindo HF, Pandit S, Gonçalves LM, Videira M, Alpar O, Almeida AJ.
(2009).
Antibody and cytokine-associated immune responses to S. equi antigens entrapped in PLA nanospheres.
Biomaterials, 30(28), 5161-5169.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biomaterials.2009.05.045 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- iMED.UL, Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Professor Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal.
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Antibody Formation
- Antigens, Bacterial / administration & dosage
- Antigens, Bacterial / immunology
- Cytokines / immunology
- Female
- Immunoglobulin G / immunology
- Lactic Acid / chemistry
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Nanospheres / chemistry
- Polyesters
- Polymers / chemistry
- Streptococcal Infections / immunology
- Streptococcal Infections / prevention & control
- Streptococcal Vaccines / administration & dosage
- Streptococcal Vaccines / immunology
- Streptococcus equi / immunology
Citations
This article has been cited 6 times.- Matos AI, Peres C, Carreira B, Moura LIF, Acúrcio RC, Vogel T, Wegener E, Ribeiro F, Afonso MB, Santos FMF, Martínez-Barriocanal Á, Arango D, Viana AS, Góis PMP, Silva LC, Rodrigues CMP, Graca L, Jordan R, Satchi-Fainaro R, Florindo HF. Polyoxazoline-Based Nanovaccine Synergizes with Tumor-Associated Macrophage Targeting and Anti-PD-1 Immunotherapy against Solid Tumors.. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2023 Sep;10(25):e2300299.
- Carnet F, Perrin-Cocon L, Paillot R, Lotteau V, Pronost S, Vidalain PO. An inventory of adjuvants used for vaccination in horses: the past, the present and the future.. Vet Res 2023 Mar 2;54(1):18.
- Oladejo AO, Li Y, Wu X, Imam BH, Yang J, Ma X, Yan Z, Wang S. Modulation of Bovine Endometrial Cell Receptors and Signaling Pathways as a Nanotherapeutic Exploration against Dairy Cow Postpartum Endometritis.. Animals (Basel) 2021 May 23;11(6).
- Kalam MA, Khan AA, Alshamsan A. Non-invasive administration of biodegradable nano-carrier vaccines.. Am J Transl Res 2017;9(1):15-35.
- Conniot J, Silva JM, Fernandes JG, Silva LC, Gaspar R, Brocchini S, Florindo HF, Barata TS. Cancer immunotherapy: nanodelivery approaches for immune cell targeting and tracking.. Front Chem 2014;2:105.
- Gregory AE, Titball R, Williamson D. Vaccine delivery using nanoparticles.. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2013;3:13.
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